Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 154 - 166

Published: Jan. 21, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Emerging Nature of Astrocyte Diversity

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 187 - 207

Published: July 8, 2019

Astrocytes are morphologically complex, ubiquitous cells that viewed as a homogeneous population tiling the entire central nervous system (CNS). However, this view has been challenged in last few years with availability of RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, morphological reconstruction, and imaging data. These studies suggest astrocytes represent diverse they display brain area– disease–specific properties functions. In review, we summarize these observations, emphasize areas where clear conclusions can be made, discuss potential unifying themes. We also identify knowledge gaps need to addressed order exploit astrocyte diversity biological phenomenon physiological relevance CNS. thus provide summary perspective on vertebrate

Language: Английский

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Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 19, 2020

A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is prominent cause death and disability worldwide. Brain ischemia stems from cardiac arrest or stroke, both responsible for insufficient blood supply to the brain parenchyma. Glucose oxygen deficiency disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which results in energy depletion ionic imbalance, followed by cell membrane depolarization, calcium (Ca2+) overload, extracellular accumulation excitatory amino acid glutamate. If tight physiological regulation fails clear surplus this neurotransmitter, subsequent prolonged activation glutamate receptors forms vicious circle between elevated concentrations intracellular Ca2+ ions aberrant release, aggravating effect pathway. The downstream Ca2+-dependent enzymes has catastrophic impact on nervous tissue leading death, accompanied formation free radicals, edema, inflammation. After decades "neuron-centric" approaches, recent research also finally shed some light role glial cells diseases. It becoming more evident that neurons glia depend each other. Neuronal cells, astrocytes, microglia, NG2 glia, oligodendrocytes all have their roles what However, who main contributor pathway, unsuspecting victim? In review article, we summarize so-far-revealed central system, with particular attention ischemia-induced excitotoxicity, its origins, consequences.

Language: Английский

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Glia Accumulate Evidence that Actions Are Futile and Suppress Unsuccessful Behavior

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 178(1), P. 27 - 43.e19

Published: June 1, 2019

When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrouping between attempts. It is unknown how the brain identifies behavioral failures mediates this behavioral-state switch. In larval zebrafish swimming in virtual reality, visual feedback withheld so that swim attempts fail trigger expected flow. After tens of seconds such motor futility, became passive similar durations. Whole-brain calcium imaging revealed noradrenergic neurons responded specifically failed radial astrocytes whose levels accumulated with increasing numbers Using cell ablation optogenetic chemogenetic activation, we found progressively activated brainstem astrocytes, then suppressed swimming. Thus, perform computation critical behavior: they accumulate evidence current actions are ineffective consequently drive changes states. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and Specificity of Astrocyte–neuron Communication

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 396, P. 73 - 78

Published: Nov. 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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Improved tools to study astrocytes

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 121 - 138

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Astrocyte Reaction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 25, 2018

Reactive astrocytes were identified as a component of senile amyloid plaques in the cortex Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients several decades ago. However, their role AD pathophysiology has remained elusive ever since, part owing to extrapolation literature from primary astrocyte cultures and acute brain injury models chronic neurodegenerative scenario. Recent accumulating evidence supports idea that reactive acquire neurotoxic properties, likely due both gain toxic function loss neurotrophic effects. diversity complexity this glial cell is only beginning be unveiled, anticipating reaction might heterogeneous well. Herein we review mouse human neuropathological studies attempt decipher main conundrums pose our understanding development progression. We discuss morphological features characterize brain, consequences for biology pathological hallmarks, molecular pathways have been implicated reaction.

Language: Английский

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Enteric glial biology, intercellular signalling and roles in gastrointestinal disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 571 - 587

Published: March 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Glutamate-Releasing SWELL1 Channel in Astrocytes Modulates Synaptic Transmission and Promotes Brain Damage in Stroke

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(4), P. 813 - 827.e6

Published: April 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Astrocyte–Neuron Communication

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 456, P. 71 - 84

Published: March 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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