Neuron, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 90(2), P. 320 - 332
Published: April 1, 2016
Language: Английский
Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 1 - 9
Published: Nov. 25, 2013
•Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) regulate behavior and physiology.•ipRGCs use melanopsin-dependent intrinsic light responses rod/cone inputs.•The relative contribution of each photoreceptor to evoked is not fully understood.•A method for quantifying presented that accounts complex photoreceptive inputs.•Guidance those designing architectural therapeutic lighting provided. Light a potent stimulus regulating circadian, hormonal, behavioral systems. In addition, therapy effective certain affective disorders, sleep problems, circadian rhythm disruption. These biological effects are influenced by distinct in the eye, melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs), addition conventional rods cones. We summarize neurophysiology this newly described sensory pathway consider implications measurement, production, application light. A new light-measurement strategy taking account inputs these non-visual proposed researchers, simple suggestions artificial/architectural provided regulatory authorities, manufacturers, designers, engineers. During past three decades, empirical evidence has demonstrated many aspects human physiology illumination [1Aschoff J. Biological Rhythms (Handbook Behavioral Neurobiology No. 4). Plenum, 1981Google Scholar, 2Wurtman R.J. et al.The Medical Effects Light. The New York Academy Sciences, 1985Google 3Wetterberg L. Man. Pergamon Press, 1993Google 4Lam R.W. Beyond Seasonal Affective Disorder: Treatment SAD non-SAD Disorders. American Psychiatric 1996Google Scholar]. Such originate eye but separate from other vision insofar as they unrelated particular spatial patterns exposure, can survive even some blind subjects. Consequently, types have been commonly referred non-image-forming or non-visual. catch-all terms encompass wide array response types. most influential light-induced phase resetting endogenous clocks. Because rhythmicity feature nearly every physiological, metabolic, system, phenomenon brings processes under indirect control. this, term come growing list more acute together ensure day-like physiological state. Thus, example, constricts pupil, suppresses pineal melatonin increases heart rate core body temperature, stimulates cortisol acts neurophysiological stimulant (increasing subjective objective measures alertness psychomotor reaction time, reducing lapses attention). Appreciation basic biology led development number applications. shown anti-depressant properties, particularly treatment seasonal disorder (SAD) its subclinical variant sSAD [3Wetterberg Appropriately timed exposure also developed circadian-rhythm disorders disruption associated with jetlag, shift work, space flight. 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Illuminating Engineering Society North America, 2008Google 9DIN Physics – Part 100: Non-visual Beings Quantities, Symbols Action Spectra. Deutsches Institut fur Normung, Progress endeavors, however, first requires appropriate quantification impacts behavior. There two broad categories measurement techniques: radiometry photometry [10DiLaura D.L. al.Lighting Handbook. Reference Application.10th ed. 2011Google Radiometry based characterizing physical properties wavelength energy. radiometer quantifies radiant power defined bandwidth electromagnetic Photometry specialized branch takes fact photoreceptors equally sensitive at all wavelengths. photometer uses filters weight detector different wavelengths according spectral sensitivity an aspect vision. Most commercially available photometers weighting function termed photopic luminous efficiency (or Vλ), reflects long- middle-wavelength-sensitive cones [11CIE l'Éclairage Proceedings, 1924, Cambridge University Press1926Google Depending geometric interest, intensity (units lumens/sr candelas, cd), luminance (cd/m2), illuminance (lm/m2 lux) determined output devices. Between 1980 2000, great majority studies endocrine, behavioral, quantified stimuli (lux) lux meters were readily inexpensive because tool choice photographic professions. Two related branches investigation since practice inadequate. 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Language: Английский
Citations
1070
Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 221 - 246
Published: April 21, 2015
In the retina, photoreceptors pass visual information to interneurons, which process it and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Axons of RGCs then travel through optic nerve, telling rest brain all will ever know about world. Research over past several decades has made clear that most are not merely light detectors, but rather feature send a diverse set parallel, highly processed images world on higher centers. Here, we review progress in classification by physiological, morphological, molecular criteria, making particular effort distinguish those cell types definitive from for is partial. We focus mouse, genetic methods advanced. argue there around 30 RGC can now account well half RGCs. also use examine general problem neuronal classification, arguing insights retina guide enterprise other regions.
Language: Английский
Citations
760
Neuron, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 85(6), P. 1244 - 1256
Published: March 1, 2015
Language: Английский
Citations
478
Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 563(7732), P. 493 - 500
Published: Nov. 1, 2018
Language: Английский
Citations
336
Current Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 310 - 315
Published: Jan. 16, 2014
Language: Английский
Citations
255
Neuron, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 82(4), P. 781 - 788
Published: May 1, 2014
Language: Английский
Citations
247
Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 173(5), P. 1293 - 1306.e19
Published: May 1, 2018
Language: Английский
Citations
247
Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 128 - 142.e8
Published: Feb. 19, 2019
Language: Английский
Citations
237
Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 104(2), P. 205 - 226
Published: Oct. 1, 2019
Language: Английский
Citations
237
PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. e0180091 - e0180091
Published: July 28, 2017
The retina communicates with the brain using ≥30 parallel channels, each carried by axons of distinct types retinal ganglion cells. In every mammalian one finds so-called "alpha" cells (αRGCs), identified their large cell bodies, stout axons, wide and mono-stratified dendritic fields, high levels neurofilament protein. mouse, three αRGC have been described based on responses to light steps: On-sustained, Off-sustained, Off-transient. Here we employed a transgenic mouse line that labels αRGCs in live retina, allowing systematic targeted recordings. We characterize known identify fourth, On-transient responses. All four share basic aspects visual signaling, including receptive field center, weak antagonistic surround, absence any direction selectivity. They also distinctive waveform action potential, faster than other RGC types. Morphologically, they differ level stratification within IPL, which accounts for response properties. Molecularly, type has signature. A comparison across mammals suggests common theme, large-bodied split signal into channels arranged symmetrically respect polarity kinetics.
Language: Английский
Citations
230