The Plant Cell,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(9), P. 3399 - 3418
Published: June 26, 2024
Plants'
complex
immune
systems
include
nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat-containing
(NLR)
proteins,
which
help
recognize
invading
pathogens.
In
solanaceous
plants,
the
NRC
(NLR
required
for
cell
death)
family
includes
helper
NLRs
that
form
a
genetic
network
with
multiple
sensor
to
provide
resistance
against
However,
evolution
function
of
networks
outside
plants
are
currently
unclear.
Here,
we
conducted
phylogenomic
macroevolutionary
analyses
comparing
identified
from
different
asterid
lineages
found
expanded
significantly
in
most
lamiids
but
not
Ericales
campanulids.
Using
transient
expression
assays
Nicotiana
benthamiana,
showed
simple
campanulids,
have
high
complexity
lamiids.
Phylogenetic
grouped
into
three
NRC0
subclades
conserved,
several
family-specific
show
signatures
diversifying
selection.
Functional
revealed
members
partially
interchangeable,
whereas
lack
interchangeability.
Our
findings
highlight
distinctive
evolutionary
patterns
asterids
potential
insights
transferring
disease
across
plant
lineages.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(45)
Published: Nov. 6, 2024
NRCs
are
essential
helper
NLR
(nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat)
proteins
that
execute
immune
responses
triggered
by
sensor
NLRs.
The
resting
state
of
NbNRC2
was
recently
shown
to
be
a
homodimer,
but
the
sensor-activated
remains
unclear.
Using
cryo-EM,
we
determined
structure
NbNRC2,
which
forms
hexameric
inflammasome-like
resistosome.
Mutagenesis
oligomerization
interface
abolished
signaling,
confirming
functional
significance
Comparative
structural
analyses
between
homodimer
homohexamer
revealed
substantial
rearrangements,
providing
insights
into
activation
mechanisms.
Furthermore,
comparisons
hexamer
previously
reported
CC-NLR
pentameric
assemblies
features
allowing
an
additional
protomer
integration.
structure,
assessed
released
AlphaFold
3
for
predicting
activated
oligomers,
revealing
high-confidence
modeling
other
amino-terminal
α1
helices,
region
proven
difficult
resolve
structurally.
Overall,
our
work
sheds
light
on
mechanisms
expands
understanding
diversity.
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
240(2), P. 496 - 501
Published: July 31, 2023
Summary
Nucleotide‐binding
domain
and
leucine‐rich
repeat
(NLR)
proteins
are
important
intracellular
immune
receptors
that
activate
robust
plant
responses
upon
detecting
pathogens.
Canonical
NLRs
consist
of
a
conserved
tripartite
architecture
includes
central
regulatory
nucleotide‐binding
domain,
C‐terminal
repeats,
variable
N‐terminal
domains
directly
participate
in
execution.
In
flowering
plants,
the
vast
majority
NLR
belong
to
coiled‐coil,
Resistance
Powdery
Mildew
8,
or
Toll/interleukin‐1
receptor
subfamilies,
with
recent
structural
biochemical
studies
providing
detailed
mechanistic
insights
into
their
functions.
this
insight
review,
we
focus
on
immune‐related
biochemistries
known
discuss
evolutionary
diversity
atypical
nonflowering
plants.
We
further
contrast
these
observations
against
NLR‐related
from
microbes
metazoans
across
tree
life.
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
243(1), P. 345 - 361
Published: May 17, 2024
Summary
Nucleotide‐binding
domain
and
leucine‐rich
repeat
(NLR)
proteins
with
pathogen
sensor
activities
have
evolved
to
initiate
immune
signaling
by
activating
helper
NLRs.
However,
the
mechanisms
underpinning
NLR
activation
NLRs
remain
poorly
understood.
Although
coiled
coil
(CC)
type
such
as
Potato
virus
X
disease
resistance
protein
Rx
been
shown
activate
oligomerization
of
their
downstream
helpers
NRC2,
NRC3
NRC4,
domains
involved
in
sensor–helper
are
not
known.
Here,
we
used
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
‐mediated
transient
expression
Nicotiana
benthamiana
show
that
nucleotide‐binding
(NB)
within
NB‐ARC
is
necessary
sufficient
for
In
addition,
NB
Gpa2
(cyst
nematode
resistance),
Rpi‐amr1,
Rpi‐amr3
(oomycete
resistance)
Sw‐5b
(virus
also
respective
NRC
helpers.
Using
lettuce
(
Lactuca
sativa
),
(both
full
length
or
truncation)
its
NRC2
form
a
minimal
functional
unit
can
be
transferred
from
solanaceous
plants
(lamiids)
Campanulid
species.
Our
results
challenge
prevailing
paradigm
exclusively
signal
via
N‐terminal
reveal
activity
NRC‐dependent
We
propose
model
which
perceive
status
upstream
sensors.
The Plant Cell,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(9), P. 3399 - 3418
Published: June 26, 2024
Plants'
complex
immune
systems
include
nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat-containing
(NLR)
proteins,
which
help
recognize
invading
pathogens.
In
solanaceous
plants,
the
NRC
(NLR
required
for
cell
death)
family
includes
helper
NLRs
that
form
a
genetic
network
with
multiple
sensor
to
provide
resistance
against
However,
evolution
function
of
networks
outside
plants
are
currently
unclear.
Here,
we
conducted
phylogenomic
macroevolutionary
analyses
comparing
identified
from
different
asterid
lineages
found
expanded
significantly
in
most
lamiids
but
not
Ericales
campanulids.
Using
transient
expression
assays
Nicotiana
benthamiana,
showed
simple
campanulids,
have
high
complexity
lamiids.
Phylogenetic
grouped
into
three
NRC0
subclades
conserved,
several
family-specific
show
signatures
diversifying
selection.
Functional
revealed
members
partially
interchangeable,
whereas
lack
interchangeability.
Our
findings
highlight
distinctive
evolutionary
patterns
asterids
potential
insights
transferring
disease
across
plant
lineages.
