Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 492 - 506

Published: May 20, 2020

Abstract The interplay between the commensal microbiota and mammalian immune system development function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis disease. microbiome plays critical roles training of major components host’s innate adaptive system, while orchestrates maintenance key features host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances microbiota-immunity under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute pathogenesis multitude immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review microbiome-immunity crosstalk their health disease, providing examples molecular mechanisms orchestrating these intestine extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects current knowledge, challenges limitations achieving causal understanding host immune-microbiome interactions, as well impact on diseases, discuss how insights may translate towards future microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 411 - 428

Published: April 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 40 - 54

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 279 - 297

Published: March 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Fibrosis Development in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 158(7), P. 1913 - 1928

Published: Feb. 8, 2020

Language: Английский

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Phage therapy: From biological mechanisms to future directions

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(1), P. 17 - 31

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Increasing antimicrobial resistance rates have revitalized bacteriophage (phage) research, the natural predators of bacteria discovered over 100 years ago. In order to use phages therapeutically, they should (1) preferably be lytic, (2) kill bacterial host efficiently, and (3) fully characterized exclude side effects. Developing therapeutic takes a coordinated effort multiple stakeholders. Herein, we review state art in phage therapy, covering biological mechanisms, clinical applications, remaining challenges, future directions involving naturally occurring genetically modified or synthetic phages.

Language: Английский

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Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity polarization. Under pathological conditions, addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages also recruited diseased tissues, polarize various phenotypes (mainly M1 M2) under stimulation of factors microenvironment, thus playing different roles functions. Liver diseases hepatic changes caused by a variety pathogenic (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic disease, metabolic-associated fatty fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies shown that macrophage polarization plays an role initiation development diseases. However, because both pathogenesis complex, mechanism need be further clarified. Therefore, origin mechanisms reviewed first this paper. It is found involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, paper expounds diseases, which aims provide references for research contributing therapeutic strategy ameliorating modulating

Language: Английский

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Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

British Journal of Anaesthesia, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 123(5), P. 637 - 654

Published: Sept. 21, 2019

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral whereas recent evidence suggests that may also play critical role in many other types inflammatory headache, neuropathic opioid tolerance. We present narrative review the current understanding on pain regulation discuss possibility targeting for management pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from microbiota, such as by-products metabolites, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, act their receptors remarkably regulate peripheral central sensitisation, which turn mediate development Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve modulators induction directly or indirectly regulating excitability primary nociceptive neurones. In nervous system, neuroinflammation, involves activation cells blood-brain barrier, microglia, infiltrating immune cells, to modulate maintenance sensitisation. Thus, we propose regulates by diet pharmabiotic intervention represent new therapeutic strategy

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(15), P. 5214 - 5214

Published: July 23, 2020

Gut microbiota dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through its metabolites. Therefore, restoration gut and supplementation with commensal bacterial metabolites can be therapeutic benefit against disease. In this review, we summarize roles various NAFLD their implications. The is feature NAFLD, signatures are associated severity altered Disturbance bile acid metabolism leads to underactivation receptors FXR TGR5, causal for decreased energy expenditure, increased lipogenesis, synthesis macrophage activity. Decreased production butyrate results intestinal inflammation, permeability, endotoxemia systemic inflammation. Dysregulation amino acids choline also contributes lipid accumulation chronic inflammatory status. some patients, overproduction ethanol produced by bacteria responsible hepatic Many approaches including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, faecal microbiome transplantation fasting-mimicking diet have been applied restore improvement NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Multidimensional Impact of Mediterranean Diet on IBD Patients

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: May 22, 2020

Abstract Background & Aims Malnutrition with the accumulation of fat tissue and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are conditions associated inflammatory bowel (IBD). Visceral NAFLD-related dysfunction can both worsen intestinal inflammation. Because Mediterranean diet (Md) has been shown to ameliorate obesity NAFLD, aim this study was analyze impact Md on nutritional state, steatosis, clinical activity, quality life (QoL) in IBD patients. Methods Patients IBD, Crohn’s (CD) ulcerative colitis (UC), followed for 6 months. Their body mass index (BMI), composition, steatosis function, serum lipid profile, biomarkers (C-reactive protein fecal calprotectin) were collected at baseline (T0) compared those obtained after months (T180) evaluate Md. Results One hundred forty-two patients, 84 UC 58 CD, At T180, diet-adherent CD improved BMI (UC −0.42, P = 0.002; −0.48, 0.032) waist circumference −1.25 cm, 0.037; −1.37 0.041). Additionally, number patients affected by any grade significantly reduced groups T0 31 [36.9%] vs T180 18 [21.4%], 0.0016; 27 [46.6%] [31.0%], < 0.001) dietary intervention. Finally, diet, fewer stable therapy had active 14 59 [23.7%] 4 [6.8%], 0.004; 9 51 [17.6%] 2 [3.0%], 0.011) elevated biomarkers. QoL but neither profile nor function modified diet. Conclusions A significant reduction malnutrition-related parameters observed short-term intervention based adoption Md, a spontaneous improvement activity markers.

Language: Английский

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