The human gut microbiota and glucose metabolism: a scoping review of key bacteria and the potential role of SCFAs

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 116(4), P. 862 - 874

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in human nutrition and metabolism may have direct implications for type 2 diabetes associated preconditions. An improved understanding of relations between glucose could lead to novel opportunities prevention, but observational studies reporting on such findings not been extensively reviewed. Here, we review the literature associations markers stages dysregulation insulin resistance healthy adults with metabolic disease risk factors. We present current evidence identified key bacteria their potential roles independent overweight, obesity, drugs. provide support SCFAs mediating effects discuss diet, as well metabolites derived from diet interactions. From 5983 initially PubMed records, 45 original were eligible α Diversity bacterial taxa selected outcomes. Six most frequently metabolism: Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium leptum group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, (inversely associated) Dorea (directly associated). For A. drugs body measures. muciniphila F. limited supported SCFA mediation metabolism. conclude that applying metagenomics sequencing identify species-level are warranted, accounting confounding factors investigating postprandial Such advances field will, together mechanistic prospective investigations into diet-gut interactions, bring critical insight microbial contribute toward development prevention strategies diabetes, including precision nutrition.

Language: Английский

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Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism increasing treatment strategies. this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, hormones, microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, epigenetic regulation gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet nanotechnology application regulate Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. liver-brain contains Aβ future, better interactions will promote development novel preventative strategies discovery precise therapeutic targets multiple diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut–Liver Axis in Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Associated NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 524 - 524

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide due to rapidly rising prevalence obesity and metabolic syndrome. As a hepatic manifestation disease, NAFLD begins with fat accumulation progresses inflammation, termed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis/cirrhosis, finally leading NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). Accumulating evidence showed that gut microbiome plays vital role in initiation progression through gut–liver axis. The axis mutual communication between comprising portal circulation, bile duct, systematic circulation. dysbiosis contributes development by dysregulating axis, increased intestinal permeability unrestrained transfer microbial metabolites into liver. In this review, we systematically summarized up-to-date information metabolomic changes along stages steatosis, NASH, fibrosis, NAFLD-HCC. components functions its association were then discussed. addition, highlighted current knowledge microbiome-based treatment strategies targeting for preventing associated HCC.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8805 - 8805

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance intestinal homeostasis, deregulating host's metabolism immune system, intensifying risk factors for development aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use probiotics, prebiotics synbiotics have been considered a potential promising strategy to regulate gut produce beneficial effects patients with conditions. For this reason, review aimed evaluate effectiveness prebiotics, symbiotics NAFLD NASH. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane databases were consulted, PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis) guidelines followed. clinical trials used study demonstrated that interventions could improve wide range markers inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, injury (decrease hepatic enzymes steatosis fibrosis). Although modulators do not play healing role, they work as an important adjunct therapy pathological processes involving its spectrums, either improving barrier or preventing formation toxic metabolites acting on system.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Participates in Polystyrene Microplastics-Induced Hepatic Injuries by Modulating the Gut–Liver Axis

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(15), P. 15125 - 15145

Published: July 24, 2023

Dietary pollution by polystyrene microplastics (MPs) can cause hepatic injuries and microbial dysbiosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, exerts beneficial effects on liver modulating gut microbiota. However, role of microbiota MPs-induced protective effect EGCG have not been clarified. Here, 5 μm MPs were orally administered to mice induce injuries. Subsequently, antibiotic cocktail (ABX) fecal transplant (FMT) experiments performed investigate underlying mechanisms. Additionally, was explore its protection against Our results showed that activated systemic inflammation, promoted fibrosis, altered metabolome; meanwhile, damaged homeostasis disturbing microbiome, promoting colonic impairing intestinal barrier. Notably, reduced abundance probiotics Akkermansia, Mucispirillum, Faecalibaculum while increasing pathogenic Tuzzerella. Interestingly, elimination mitigated inflammation barrier impairment. Moreover, ABX ameliorated but fibrosis. Correspondingly, from MPs-administered induced colonic, systemic, their profibrosis observed. Finally, elevated effectively repressed inflammation. remodeling metabolome also attenuated EGCG. These findings illustrated contributed injuries, could serve as a potential prevention strategy for these adverse consequences.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease

Hepatology Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a replacement of the nomenclature employed for NAFLD, is most prevalent chronic worldwide. Despite its high global prevalence, NAFLD often under-recognized due to absence reliable noninvasive biomarkers diagnosis and staging. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiome plays significant role in occurrence progression by causing immune dysregulation metabolic alterations dysbiosis. The rapid advancement sequencing tools metabolomics has enabled identification signatures microbiota-derived metabolite profiles numerous clinical studies related NAFLD. Overall, these have shown decrease α-diversity changes microbiota abundance, characterized increased levels Escherichia Prevotella, decreased Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium patients with Furthermore, bile acids, short-chain fatty trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan metabolites are believed be closely associated onset In this review, we provide novel insights into vital pathogenesis Specifically, summarize major classes thereby highlighting links between specific bacterial species certain

Language: Английский

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Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Endotoxemia in Rats via Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Alleviating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Related Inflammation

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 12, 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective against NAFLD, but its hepatoprotective mechanisms based on the "gut microbiota-barrier-liver axis" are still not fully understood. Herein, results demonstrated that EGCG effectively ameliorated NAFLD phenotypes metabolic disorders in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), inhibited intestinal barrier dysfunction inflammation, which also supported experiment of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, could restore gut microbiota diversity composition, particularly promoting beneficial microbes, including short-chain acids (SCFAs) producers, such as Lactobacillus, suppressing Gram-negative bacteria, Desulfovibrio. The microbial modulation raised SCFA levels, decreased lipopolysaccharide TLR4/NF-κB pathway, strengthened function via Nrf2 pathway activation, thereby alleviating steatosis Spearman's correlation analysis showed 24 key OTUs, negatively or positively associated with disorders, were reshaped EGCG. Our suggested combinative improvement dysbiosis, dysfunction, inflammation might potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Does Resveratrol Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3746 - 3746

Published: March 27, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental and genetic factors. The most significant outcome the alteration free fatty acid triglyceride metabolism. Lipotoxicity, impaired autophagy, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, as well coexisting insulin resistance, obesity, changes in composition gut microbiota, are also considered crucial factors pathogenesis MASLD. Resveratrol polyphenolic compound that belongs to stilbene subgroup. This review summarises available information on therapeutic effects resveratrol against has demonstrated promising antisteatotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities cells vitro animal studies. been associated with inhibiting NF-κB pathway, activating SIRT-1 AMPK pathways, normalizing intestinal microbiome, alleviating inflammation. However, clinical studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding efficacy hepatic steatosis or reducing any parameters found MASLD human patients. lack homogeneity between studies, low bioavailability resveratrol, population variability when compared models could be reasons for this.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic targeting of obesity-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Excessive fat storage in obesity promotes the progressive infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, resulting release pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines adipokines. These inflammatory mediators circulate through bloodstream, propagating inflammation both periphery central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis, which results leaky intestinal barrier, exacerbates plays significant role linking pathogenesis neurodegeneration gut-brain/gut-brain-liver axis. Inflammatory states within brain can lead insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, autolysosomal increased oxidative stress. disruptions impair normal neuronal function subsequently cognitive decline motor deficits, similar pathologies observed neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease. Understanding underlying disease mechanisms crucial for developing therapeutic strategies address defects these metabolic pathways. In this review, we summarize provide insights different strategies, methods alter gut lifestyle changes, dietary supplementation, well pharmacological agents derived from natural sources, that target obesity-induced

Language: Английский

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Advances in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Gut Dysbiosis‐Related Diseases

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract This article provides an overview of the advancements in application fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treating diseases related to intestinal dysbiosis. FMT involves transfer healthy donor into patient's body, aiming restore balance and thereby treat a variety such as recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), constipation, short syndrome (SBS), irritable (IBS). While has shown high efficacy treatment rCDI, further research is needed for its other chronic conditions. elaborates on mechanisms dysbiosis, well discusses key factors influencing effectiveness FMT, including selection, recipient characteristics, protocols, methods assessing microbiota. Additionally, it emphasizes successful FMT. Future should focus optimizing process ensure long‐term safety explore potential broader range medical

Language: Английский

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