Effect of green-Mediterranean diet on intrahepatic fat: the DIRECT PLUS randomised controlled trial

Gut, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70(11), P. 2085 - 2095

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Objective To examine the effectiveness of green-Mediterranean (MED) diet, further restricted in red/processed meat, and enriched with green plants polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), reflected by intrahepatic fat (IHF) loss. Design For DIRECT-PLUS 18-month randomized clinical trial, we assigned 294 participants abdominal obesity/dyslipidaemia into healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), MED green-MED weight-loss diet groups, all accompanied physical activity. Both isocaloric groups consumed 28 g/day walnuts (+440 mg/day provided). The group tea (3–4 cups/day) Mankai (a Wolffia globosa aquatic plant strain; 100 frozen cubes) shake (+1240 total IHF% changes were quantified continuously proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Results Participants (age=51 years; 88% men; body mass index=31.3 kg/m 2 ; median IHF%=6.6%; mean=10.2%; 62% NAFLD) had 89.8% retention-rate, 78% eligible follow-up MRS. Overall, NAFLD prevalence declined to: 54.8% 47.9% 31.5% (green-MED), p=0.012 between groups. Despite similar moderate both achieved almost double loss (−38.9% proportionally), as compared (−19.6% proportionally; p=0.035 weight adjusted) HDG (−12.2% p<0.001). After 18 months, significantly higher plasma polyphenol levels versus HDG, detection Naringenin 2-5-dihydroxybenzoic-acid green-MED. Greater was independently associated increased intake, decreased meat consumption, improved serum folate adipokines/lipids biomarkers, microbiome composition (beta-diversity) specific bacteria (p<0.05 for all). Conclusion new suggested strategy amplified plant-based proteins/polyphenols Mankai, tea, walnuts, can IHF than other nutritional strategies reduce half. Trial registration number NCT03020186 .

Language: Английский

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Modulating Gut Microbiota to Improve Severity?

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 158(7), P. 1881 - 1898

Published: Feb. 8, 2020

Language: Английский

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Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management

Internal Medicine Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(9), P. 1038 - 1047

Published: Nov. 24, 2019

Due to the rising prevalence of obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming leading cause chronic in Western world. In some patients, simple steatosis can result steatohepatitis which over time lead cirrhosis its associated sequelae, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Early identification management patients at risk with intensive dietary lifestyle modification are essential prevent development advanced complications. this review, we will discuss epidemiology disease, pathogenesis, diagnosis, surveillance strategies offset morbidity mortality as well non-liver-related

Language: Английский

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New Insights Into the Cancer–Microbiome–Immune Axis: Decrypting a Decade of Discoveries

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

The past decade has witnessed groundbreaking advances in the field of microbiome research. An area where immense implications have been demonstrated is tumor biology. affects initiation and progression through direct effects on cells indirectly manipulation immune system. It can also determine response to cancer therapies predict disease survival. Modulation be harnessed potentiate efficacy immunotherapies decrease their toxicity. In this review, we comprehensively dissect recent evidence regarding interaction anti-tumor machinery outline critical questions which need addressed as further explore dynamic colloquy.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids in Host Health and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1977 - 1977

Published: May 9, 2022

Intestinal microbiota has its role as an important component of human physiology. It produces metabolites that module key functions to establish a symbiotic crosstalk with their host. Among them, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation partially and non-digestible polysaccharides, play roles in regulating colon physiology changing environment. Recent research found SCFAs not only influence signal transduction pathway gut, but they also reach tissues organs outside through circulation blood. Growing evidence highlights importance level influencing health maintenance disease development. are probably involved management host complicated (positive or negative) way. Here, we review current understanding effects on discuss potential prevention therapeutics variety disorders. provides systematic theoretical basis for study mechanisms precise intake promote health.

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin on Metabolic Diseases: Pharmacological Data and Clinical Evidence

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Metabolic diseases have become major public health issues worldwide. Searching for effective drugs treating metabolic from natural compounds has attracted increasing attention. Quercetin, an important flavonoid, is extensively present in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Due to its potentially beneficial effects on human health, quercetin the focus of In this review, we provide a timely comprehensive summary pharmacological advances clinical data treatment three diseases, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidences obtained animal experiments prove that these diseases. It can promote insulin secretion, improve resistance, lower blood lipid levels, inhibit inflammation oxidative stress, alleviate hepatic accumulation, regulate gut microbiota disorders models. However, studies NAFLD remain scarce. More trials with larger sample sizes longer trial durations are needed verify true effectiveness subjects. Moreover, another issue needs be resolved future research bioavailability quercetin. This review may valuable information basic research, drug development, application

Language: Английский

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Fructose and the Liver

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 6969 - 6969

Published: June 28, 2021

Chronic diseases represent a major challenge in world health. Metabolic syndrome is constellation of disturbances affecting several organs, and it has been proposed to be liver-centered condition. Fructose overconsumption may result insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, elevated uric acid levels, increased blood pressure, triglyceride concentrations both the liver. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) term widely used describe excessive infiltration absence alcohol, autoimmune disorders, or viral hepatitis; attributed obesity, high sugar fat consumption, sedentarism. If untreated, NAFLD can progress nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation mild fibrosis addition and, eventually, advanced scar tissue deposition, cirrhosis, finally cancer, which constitutes culmination disease. Notably, fructose recognized as mediator NAFLD, significant correlation between intake degree found preclinical clinical studies. Moreover, risk factor for cancer development. Interestingly, induces number proinflammatory, fibrogenic, oncogenic signaling pathways that explain its deleterious effects body, especially

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8805 - 8805

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance intestinal homeostasis, deregulating host's metabolism immune system, intensifying risk factors for development aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use probiotics, prebiotics synbiotics have been considered a potential promising strategy to regulate gut produce beneficial effects patients with conditions. For this reason, review aimed evaluate effectiveness prebiotics, symbiotics NAFLD NASH. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane databases were consulted, PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis) guidelines followed. clinical trials used study demonstrated that interventions could improve wide range markers inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, injury (decrease hepatic enzymes steatosis fibrosis). Although modulators do not play healing role, they work as an important adjunct therapy pathological processes involving its spectrums, either improving barrier or preventing formation toxic metabolites acting on system.

Language: Английский

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Oral Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics of Mice on a Normal or High-Fat Diet and Intestinal and Metabolic Outcomes

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 131(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are small particles of plastic (≤5mm in diameter). In recent years, oral exposure to MPs living organisms has been a cause concern. Leaky gut syndrome (LGS), associated with high-fat diet (HFD) mice, can increase the entry foreign substances into body through intestinal mucosa.We aimed evaluate pathophysiology outcomes consuming and simultaneous intake MPs, focusing on endocrine metabolic systems.C57BL6/J mice were fed normal (ND) or HFD without polystyrene MP for 4 wk investigate differences glucose tolerance, permeability, microbiota, as well metabolites serum, feces, liver.In comparison had higher blood glucose, serum lipid concentrations, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity scores. Permeability goblet cell count intestine (SI) HFD-fed lower, respectively, than ND-fed mice. There was no obvious difference number inflammatory cells SI lamina propria between ND MP, but there more fewer anti-inflammatory MPs. The expression genes related inflammation, long-chain acid transporter, Na+/glucose cotransporter significantly Furthermore, genus Desulfovibrio abundant intestines Muc2 gene decreased when palmitic microplastics added murine epithelial line MODE-K cells, increased IL-22 added.Our findings suggest that this study, induced disturbances, such diabetes NAFLD, only diet. These LGS might have triggered by HFD, causing be deposited mucosa, resulting inflammation mucosal intrinsic layer thereby altering nutrient absorption. results highlight need reducing remedial environmental measures improve disturbance under conditions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11072.

Language: Английский

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Western diet contributes to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male mice via remodeling gut microbiota and increasing production of 2-oleoylglycerol

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract The interplay between western diet and gut microbiota drives the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease its progression to steatohepatitis. However, specific microbial metabolic mediators contributing steatohepatitis remain be identified. Here, a choline-low high-fat high-sugar diet, representing typical named CL-HFS, successfully induces male mouse with some features human disease, such as hepatic inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis. Metataxonomic metabolomic studies identify Blautia producta 2-oleoylglycerol clinically relevant bacterial CL-HFS-induced In vivo validate that both promote inflammation fibrosis in normal diet- or CL-HFS-fed mice. Cellular molecular reveal GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway mediates 2-oleoylglycerol-induced macrophage priming subsequent stellate cell activation. These findings advance our understanding pathogenesis provide targets for developing microbiome/metabolite-based therapeutic strategies against

Language: Английский

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