Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 115015 - 115015

Published: April 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Ultraprocessed Foods and Obesity Risk: A Critical Review of Reported Mechanisms

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 718 - 738

Published: April 18, 2023

Epidemiologic evidence supports a positive association between ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and body mass index. This has led to recommendations avoid UPFs despite very limited establishing causality. Many mechanisms have been proposed, this review critically aimed evaluate selected possibilities for specificity, clarity, consistency related choice (i.e., low cost, shelf-life, packaging, hyperpalatability, stimulation of hunger/suppression fullness); composition macronutrients, texture, added sugar, fat salt, energy density, low-calorie sweeteners, additives); digestive processes oral processing/eating rate, gastric emptying time, gastrointestinal transit microbiome). For some purported (e.g., fiber content, emptying, intestinal time), data directly contrasting the effects UPF non-UPF intake on indices appetite, intake, adiposity are available do not support unique contribution UPFs. In other instances, microbiome additives) or insufficient macronutrient appetite stimulation) judge benefits versus risks avoidance. There yet evoked in which preponderance indicates ingredients actually moderate weight sweetener use management; beverage as it dilutes density; higher content because reduces glycemic responses). Because avoidance holds potential adverse reduced diet quality, increased risk poisoning, wastage), is imprudent make regarding their role diets before causality plausible verified.

Language: Английский

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An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as potential avenue combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white (WAT) which responsible for storage, shares thermogenic capacity with beige that emerges from WAT depots. This unsurprising both and display huge difference in terms their secretory profile physiological role. In obesity, content declines these tissues acquire characteristics via process called “whitening”. rarely explored its implication whether it contributes or exacerbates Emerging research demonstrated BAT/beige whitening sophisticated metabolic complication obesity linked multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on influence various factors such diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, chemical exposure whitening. Moreover, defects mechanisms underpin are described. Notably, can be marked by accumulation large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, collapsed capacity, virtue dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Analytical methods for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products: A review

Talanta, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 234, P. 122642 - 122642

Published: June 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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Exposure to phthalates from personal care products: Urinary levels and predictors of exposure

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 113194 - 113194

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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PPAR-Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetic Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 4305 - 4305

Published: April 13, 2022

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, have been identified as key metabolic regulators in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, among others. As a leading cause liver disease worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD) steatohepatitis (NASH) significant burden worldwide therapeutic strategies are needed. This review provides an overview evidence on PPAR-targeted treatment NAFLD NASH individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We considered current from clinical trials observational studies well impact comorbid conditions such obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease. Future areas research, possible sexually dimorphic effects therapies, briefly reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Adipogenic Activity of Chemicals Used in Plastic Consumer Products

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 2487 - 2496

Published: Jan. 26, 2022

Bisphenols and phthalates, chemicals frequently used in plastic products, promote obesity cell animal models. However, these well-known metabolism-disrupting (MDCs) represent only a minute fraction of all compounds found plastics. To gain comprehensive understanding plastics as source exposure to MDCs, we characterized the present 34 everyday products using nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry analyzed their joint adipogenic activities by high-content imaging. We detected 55,300 chemical features tentatively identified 629 unique compounds, including 11 known MDCs. Importantly, extracted from one-third caused murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferate, differentiate into adipocytes, which were larger contained more triglycerides than those treated with reference compound rosiglitazone. Because majority extracts did not activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ glucocorticoid receptor, effects are mediated via other mechanisms and, thus, likely be unknown Our study demonstrates that daily-use contain potent mixtures MDCs can, therefore, relevant yet underestimated environmental factor contributing obesity.

Language: Английский

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Association of Exposure to Phthalate Metabolites With Sex Hormones, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in US Women

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(9), P. e2233088 - e2233088

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent among the US population associated with dysregulation of sex hormones. An increase in obesity may also be exposure to phthalates. The association phthalate metabolites hormones health has been understudied female population.To evaluate between common total testosterone (TT) levels, hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) obesity, women.This cross-sectional study used data collected from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey during 2013 2016. Female participants aged 15 years or older urinary profiles containing were included this study. Statistical analyses performed March 15, 2021, April 30, 2022.Urinary concentrations classified into tertiles, lowest tertile was as a reference category. their composite scores based on clustering analysis.Serum TT SHBG dichotomized high levels (>46 ng/dL [to convert nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.0347] for age <50 >32 ≥50 years) low (<2.85 μg/mL 10.53]) established population. defined body mass index 30 more (calculated weight kilograms divided height meters squared), using Cholesterol Education Program criteria. serum validation analyses. Modified Poisson models estimate adjusted relative risk (RR) 95% CIs associations.Among 2004 women study, mean (SD) 46.6 (18.5) (14.7% Hispanic participants, 62.7% non-Hispanic White 13.2% Black participants; 17.4% born outside [weighted percentages]; 230 (11.8%) had 210 (10.4%) 825 (39.8%) 965 (45.5%) (weighted percentages). Of 13 metabolites, 8 highest level greater than 6.2 ng/mL (range, 0.5-75.2 ng/mL). High mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) (RR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.33-2.54]), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) 1.77 1.21-2.59]), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) 1.94 1.34-2.81]), monobenzyl 1.75 1.21-2.54]) but not levels. some these syndrome. Most associations specific premenopausal postmenopausal women.In certain could depending menopausal status.

Language: Английский

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Obesity, Dietary Patterns, and Hormonal Balance Modulation: Gender-Specific Impacts

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1629 - 1629

Published: May 26, 2024

Understanding the intricate relationship between nutrition, hormonal balance, and gender-specific factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate obesity-related endocrine disruptions improve metabolic health. This narrative review examines impact of various dietary patterns on regulation in both men women, focusing their effects balance health context obesity. Calorie restriction, Western diet, high-fat diets, low-CHO plant-based Mediterranean diet are analyzed relation influence Future research directions include investigating specific mechanisms underlying influences regulation, addressing differences body fat distribution, exploring needs individuals undergoing gender transition. Personalized tailored individual profiles essential optimizing outcomes across spectrum. By integrating considerations into recommendations, healthcare professionals can better support achieving optimal balance.

Language: Английский

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The Ongoing Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Obesity

Pediatric Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 135 - 150

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

In the developed world, pediatric obesity (PO) has been a major health concern since last century, and this condition may lead to detrimental life-long physical mental comorbidities. Currently, its prevalence increased in low- middle-income countries many high-income countries. Thus, provision of effective tailored care for children their families become vital. The social consequences COVID-19 pandemic are known everywhere, among these, it argued that had impact on PO. Overall, growth PO over decade enhanced by pandemic. During pandemic, children, adolescents young adults gained weight as population dealt with sedentary lifestyles changes food habits. review, we want highlight

Language: Английский

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