Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Overweight and Obese Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease before and after 8 Weeks of Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1408 - 1408

Published: May 8, 2024

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to steatotic liver disease (SLD), the most common form of chronic disease. Lifestyle modifications dieting strategies that can prevent dysfunction-associated (MASLD). The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a helpful treatment for MASLD has been recommended people affected by obesity; we evaluated effect gender on steatosis fibrosis in cohort 112 overweight or obese patients undergoing an eight-week with VLCKD. Differences between genders terms anthropometric measures, body composition, indicators were examined before, during, after nutritional intervention. At baseline, there significant differences men women parameters, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, hepatic markers, lipid profile. Men had considerably higher levels (measured CAP) stiffness E) under basal conditions than women. After VLCKD, reductions both controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), weight, mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic diastolic insulin resistance, fat (FM), free (FFM), glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), uric acid levels. Only men, stiffness, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP) significantly decreased. Moreover, greater steatosis: male featured increase 23.96 points Fibroscan CAP. exhibited women, these persist despite These gender-specific variations could be caused hormonal factors, suggesting different therapeutic might required depending gender.

Language: Английский

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Association between non-insulin-based insulin resistance surrogate makers and Helicobacter pylori infection: a population-based study

BMC Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Current evidence on the associations between insulin resistance (IR) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains limited. This study aimed to investigate association non-insulin-based surrogate markers of IR, including triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), H. in U.S. populations. cross-sectional involving 939 participants from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000. The three were respectively investigated using logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve subgroup analysis. Three levels significantly elevated participants. There was a positive infection, even after adjusting potential confounding variables by different models. In analysis, adjusted more likely be observed female Non-Hispanic White. Additionally, RCS revealed linear correlation TyG index across all models, METS-IR Model 3. However, nonlinear TG/HDL-C ratio These findings suggest that positively associated with infection. may serve as indicators identifying risk Not applicable.

Language: Английский

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Sexual dimorphism in exercise‐induced response on steroid hormones to a 24‐week supervised concurrent training intervention

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Background Steroid hormones are key mediators of adaptative responses to exercise, a stimulus that may concurrently affect their blood concentrations. However, the chronic endocrine adaptations and whether these potential changes dependent on exercise intensity remain undetermined. Moreover, it is also unknown if exercise‐induced effects steroid hormonal status related participant' sex. Methods This study aimed investigate 24‐week supervised concurrent training intervention in sedentary young men women. A total 106 untrained adults (68% women) aged 18–25 years were randomly assigned one three groups: (I) Control group (no exercise; n = 35); (II) Ex‐Moderate (concurrent at moderate intensity; 36); (III) Ex‐Vigorous vigorous 35). (i.e. cortisol, testosterone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)) measured plasma through chemiluminescent method. Body composition parameters determined using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scanner. Results No significant levels observed after (all p ≥ .129). time x interaction was noted testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C ratio) only women ( .044). Concretely, our data showed decrement T/C both compared with control (Δ −24.2 ± 2.0% Δ −38.9 45.4%, respectively). Conclusion Our no hormone levels. women, indicating sexual dimorphism effect ratio.

Language: Английский

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Association between triglyceride‑glucose index as a marker of insulin resistance and the risk of malignant melanoma: A retrospective study

Oncology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(4)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Malignant melanoma, a highly malignant tumor predominantly found on the skin surface, has exhibited an alarming rise in both incidence and mortality rates annually since 2012. Despite its relatively low occurrence among malignancies, rate of melanoma remains disproportionately high. The prognosis relies heavily early stage detection, with significant disparity survival between I IV patients. Studies exploring insulin resistance (IR) as potential risk factor for are scarce. present study therefore investigated association triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, indicator IR, incidence. Retrospective data from patients diagnosed at First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing, China) January 2019 2024 were collected. Basic information, including age, sex body mass hematological test results, such those fasting triglycerides blood glucose, analyzed. Logistic regression analysis receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve employed to explore TyG index. A total 403 participants, 272 melanomas 131 nevi, included study. group significantly higher levels index compared control (P<0.001). Univariate multivariable logistic analyses revealed independent (OR, 6.33; 95% CI, 3.56‑11.27; P<0.001). Incidence increased across tertiles ROC identified clinically acceptable predictive cutoff point provides evidence that is melanoma. findings underscore utility biomarker diagnosing suggest new avenues treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Comorbidity results of an obesity center

The European Research Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Objectives: Obesity is linked to numerous severe health conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. This study aimed compare metabolic parameters anthropometric measurements between male female patients with obesity identify gender-based differences in obesity-related markers. Methods: prospective enrolled 393 obese (52 male, 341 female) from an outpatient clinic. After overnight fast (8-10 hours), blood samples were collected assess a range of parameters: complete count, fasting glucose, insulin, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine (ALT), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density (HDL), 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3), ferritin, iron, B12. Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated, while soft lean mass (SLM) percent body fat (PBF) also analyzed. Results: Males had significantly higher levels HOMA-IR, 25OHD3, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urea, ALT compared females (P&lt;0.05 for all). Conversely, males lower HDL platelet (P&lt;0.05). The prevalence thyroid disease was (P=0.027). Conclusions: Thyroid males. Additionally, such as urea elevated females,

Language: Английский

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More comprehensive relationship between eGDR and sarcopenia in China: a nationwide cohort study with national representation

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 24, 2025

Although studies had shown that Insulin resistance (IR) was correlated with the occurrence of sarcopenia, there were still many controversial conclusions. Therefore, we conducted a more comprehensive study on relationship between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), an alternative indicator IR, and risk muscle mass, strength to clarify their interactions. The Study included individuals from China Health Retirement Longitudinal (CHARLS) who complete eGDR data at baseline did not develop low mass strength. divided into four subgroups based quartile (Q) eGDR. lowest (Q1) used as reference. Logistic regression linear evaluate sarcopenia (low strength, possible sarcopenia) related features (ASM/Ht2, grip, RMS), respectively. In addition, further evaluated nonlinear using smooth curve fitting threshold effect analysis. results showed after adjusting for confounders, negatively associated positively characteristics. men significant reduction in likelihood compared women. But levels rise, women gain ASM/Ht2. Further analysis revealed inverse correlation ASM/Ht2 inflection point 15.3893. Besides that, grip (7.1862) RMS (11.1042) before point. found higher lower developing sarcopenia. However, effects need be considered comprehensively. For it is recommended maintain below 15.3893, 7.1862, potential benefits early warning

Language: Английский

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Effects of two forms of school-based high-intensity interval training on body fat, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents: randomized control trial with eight-week follow-up—the PEER-HEART study

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 8, 2025

This study examined the effects of 8-week interventions based on two variants typical exercises, namely, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and plyometric (HIPT), body fat (BF%), blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). In addition, sustainability after another 8 weeks was assessed. The project designed as a randomized controlled trial with eight groups participants (two variants, sexes, (experimental control)) conducted in school physical education (PE) program. outcomes analyzed were BF%, systolic (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), CRF expressed terms maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). A total 307 healthy adolescents participated this randomly assigned into groups. During weeks, completed exercise sessions each week progressively increasing volumes. For first 2 involved four rounds 20 s intense effort followed by 10 rest; increased to six during 3-4 5-8. HIPT program whereas HIIT bodyweight resistance exercises. Multidimensional analysis variance (ANOVA) indicated statistically significant second-order interaction (time × variant group: Ʌ = 0.943, F 2.20, p < 0.027, η2 pG 0.057, d 0.25), confirming changes SBP, DBP, VO2max dependent type intervention group assignment. ANOVA results revealed main for time contributors (BF%: 3.911, 0.023, 0.001, 0.04 vs. 9.900, 0.03; SBP: 31.801, 0.012, 0.16 8.939, 0.003, η 0.026, 0.16; DBP: 3.470, 0.033, 0.002, 0.06 4.982, 0.014, 0.12). sex 6.960, 0.05) that improvements over not related variant. Although these small (low eta values), post hoc tests (all comparisons post-intervention, > showed both exhibited beneficial compared controls; however, no differences observed between experimental control Furthermore, maintained through follow-up period, demonstrated post-intervention measurements (p 0.05). Discriminant BF% SBP key variables men, yielding greater reductions resulting more pronounced decreases BF%. conclusion, effectively improved health-related parameters, providing valuable enrichment PE lessons schools. These benefits also sustained at least post-intervention.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gender in the Relationship Between Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Triglyceride–Glucose Index, and Insulin Resistance in Korean Children

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 823 - 823

Published: April 4, 2025

Background/Objectives: Little is known about the relationship between obesity, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and insulin resistance (IR). This cross-sectional study of Korean children investigated whether TyG index mediates waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR). Methods: Six-hundred-and-thirteen (320 boys 293 girls) aged 9-12 years old participated in this study. The participants were classified as insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant based on gender-specific cut-off values HOMA-IR. was calculated follows: ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Results: Children with older, more likely to be girls, had fewer favorable metabolic risk factors than without IR. A mediation analysis revealed that while WHtR has a direct effect HOMA-IR, it also an indirect HOMA-IR through index. bootstrapped 95% confidence interval (CI) confirmed (effect = 0.349, SE 0.075, CI [0.210, 0.504]). interaction sex statistically significant (β -1.369, 0.631, [-2.608, -0.129]), but no longer when vigorous physical activity considered covariate. Conclusions: Our findings suggest girls are vulnerable increase caused by WHtR. gender disparity observed needs causally.

Language: Английский

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Association Between Alcohol Consumption, Other Healthy Habits and Sociodemographic Variables and the Values of Different Insulin Resistance Risk Scales in 139,634 Spanish Workers

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 921 - 921

Published: April 17, 2025

Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health concern, influencing metabolic and insulin resistance (IR). While moderate alcohol intake has been associated with potential benefits, excessive linked to IR related disorders. This study examines the association between sociodemographic variables, habits, risk using validated indices. Methods: A dual-phase was conducted, including cross-sectional analysis of 139,634 Spanish workers retrospective longitudinal follow-up 40,431 participants (2009–2019). Data on factors (age, sex socioeconomic status) habits (smoking, consumption, diet physical activity) were collected through standardized occupational assessments. assessed Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG), Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), Single-Point Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE-IR). Binary logistic regression used statistical analysis. Results: Age, male sex, lower status, smoking, inactivity low adherence Mediterranean significantly higher across all indices (p < 0.001). exhibited dose-dependent relationship IR, increasing IR. Longitudinal data revealed worsening profile over time, particularly among older, low-income physically inactive individuals. Conclusions: Sociodemographic lifestyle strongly influence Preventive strategies focused reducing smoking cessation promoting activity dietary improvements are essential mitigate especially in vulnerable populations. Further studies needed establish causal relationships refine intervention strategies.

Language: Английский

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