Essential services: Quantifying the contributions of America’s pharmacists in COVID-19 clinical interventions

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(6), P. 1929 - 1945.e1

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Application of Deep Learning Techniques and Bayesian Optimization with Tree Parzen Estimator in the Classification of Supply Chain Pricing Datasets of Health Medications

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(19), P. 10166 - 10166

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

From the development and sale of a product through its delivery to end customer, supply chain encompasses network suppliers, transporters, warehouses, distribution centers, shipping lines, logistics service providers all working together. Lead times, bottlenecks, cash flow, data management, risk exposure, traceability, conformity, quality assurance, flaws, language barriers are some difficulties that management faces. In this paper, deep learning techniques such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) were adopted applied classify pricing datasets health medications. Then, Bayesian optimization using tree parzen estimator All K Nearest Neighbor (AllkNN) was used establish suitable model hyper-parameters both LSTM 1D-CNN enhance classification model. Repeated five-fold cross-validation is developed models predict accuracy models. The study showed combination 1D-CNN, AllkNN, (1D-CNN+AllKNN+BO) outperforms other approaches employed in study. from one-fold 10-fold, produced highest range between 61.2836% 63.3267%, among

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Causes an Unprecedented Surge in Children Hospitalizations and Distinct Clinical Presentation Compared to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 27, 2022

Background In the midst of successive waves SARS-CoV-2 variants, B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant has recently caused a surge in pediatric infections and hospitalizations. This study aimed to describe compare symptoms, explorations, treatment evolution COVID-19 hospitalized children during B.1.617.2 (delta) waves. Methods observational was performed Pediatric Pulmonology Department University Hospital Paris, France. All aged between 0 18 years who tested positive for using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swabs from July 15th December 2021 (delta wave), February 28th 2022 (omicron wave) were included. Results total, 53 included, 14 (26.4%) delta wave 39 (73.6%) omicron (almost three times as many hospitalizations half time latter wave). During wave, patients mostly < 5 (90 vs. 71% all waves, respectively), tended have fewer underlying conditions (56 79% respectively, p = 0.20). The also responsible different clinical presentation when compared variant, with significantly higher often poorly tolerated temperatures ( 0.03) increased digestive symptoms 0.01). None older than 12 fully vaccinated. Conclusion dramatic increase hospitalization modification latest require pediatricians remain vigilant. It should encourage caregivers ensure vaccination years, whom BNT162b2 vaccine been deemed safe, immunogenic, effective.

Language: Английский

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Race, Ethnicity, and Health Disparities in US Children With COVID-19: A Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for the Future

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(Supplement_4), P. S132 - S140

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an important cause of morbidity in children the United States (U.S.). Moreover, U.S. has witnessed significant disparities affecting American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino children, stemming from systemic racism social-structural inequalities not differences innate biological susceptibility. We review what known on COVID-19 health burden, access to care, pharmaceutical interventions, clinical research with a focus context. In addition, we propose strategies communicate scientific data ways that do promote susceptibility themes, address pediatric infectious diseases research.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacy-based immunization: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 13, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has prompted the exploration of new response strategies for such health contingencies in near future. Over last 15 years, several pharmacy-based immunization (PBI) have emerged seeking to exploit potential pharmacies as immunization, medication sale, and rapid test centers. However, participation during was very uneven from one country another, suggesting a lack consensus on definition their roles gaps between literature practice.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Provider Availability and Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, November 1, 2021–April 25, 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(26), P. 847 - 851

Published: June 30, 2022

COVID-19 can lead to severe outcomes in children, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome, hospitalization, and death (1,2). On November 2, 2021, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued an interim recommendation for use of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine children aged 5-11 years prevention COVID-19; however, vaccination coverage this age group remains low (3). As June 7, 2022, 36.0% United States had received ≥1 Among factors that might influence is availability providers (4). To better understand how provider has affected among years, CDC analyzed data active county-level administration during 1, 2021-April 25, 2022. 2,586 U.S. counties included analysis, 87.5% at least one serving years. five assessed types, most pharmacy (69.1%) or public health clinic (61.3%), whereas fewer pediatric (29.7%), family medicine (29.0%), federally qualified center (FQHC)* (22.8%). Median was 14.5% (IQR = 8.9%-23.6%). After adjusting social vulnerability index (SVI)† urbanicity, analysis found higher with than no (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 1.66). For each type, presence county associated coverage; largest difference observed between without clinics (aRR 1.37). Ensuring broad access vaccines, addition other strategies address barriers, could help increase

Language: Английский

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The US Federal Retail Pharmacy Program: Optimizing COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery Through a Strategic Public–Private Partnership

Public Health Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 138(6), P. 870 - 877

Published: July 28, 2023

To help achieve the initial goal of providing universal COVID-19 vaccine access to approximately 258 million adults in 62 US jurisdictions, federal government launched Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) on February 11, 2021. We describe FRPP's collaboration among government, entity partners, and 21 national chain independent pharmacy networks provide large-scale vaccines, particularly communities disproportionately affected by (eg, people aged ≥65 years, from racial ethnic minority groups). FRPP initially provided 10 000 vaccination sites for which was increased >35 May 2021 sustained through January 31, 2022. From 2021, 2022, received 293 doses administered 219 doses, representing 45% all immunizations nationwide (38% first 72% booster doses). This unprecedented public-private partnership allowed rapidly adapt scale up an equitable program reach adults, later expanding vaccine-eligible children, during pandemic. As largest program, exemplifies how partnerships can expand a public health emergency. Pharmacies meet critical goals serving as convenient points services. Lessons learned this effort-including importance strong coordination communication, efficient reporting systems data quality, increasing demand vaccine, others-may improve future immunization programs support system resiliency, emphasizing community-level equity emergencies.

Language: Английский

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An overview of the COVID-19 pediatric vaccine program – The U.S. experience vaccinating children ages 6 months through 17 years

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 125702 - 125702

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

COVID-19 vaccination decreases risk for illness and severe disease in children, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) death. On December 13, 2020, CDC recommended persons ages ≥16 years, with expansion on May 12, 2021, to adolescents 12-15 years; children 5-11 years November 2, 2021; 6 months-4 June 18, 2022. Following each age-specific recommendation, the U.S. government collaborated state local governments, vaccine manufacturers, numerous other public private entities, ensure rapid, broad, equitable distribution strategic locations across country maximize access. However, coverage among has been lower than adults younger adolescents. As of 10, 2023, primary series was 61.8% 12-17 32.9% those 5.5% years. This manuscript describes planning implementation pediatric program, successes (e.g., availability pharmacy extend access beyond more traditional providers) challenges multi-dose vials instead single-dose vials, leading concerns about wastage) provide a historical record program help inform future routine or pandemic-related campaigns.

Language: Английский

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Properties of the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Affect Public Health Measure Effectiveness in the COVID-19 Epidemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 4930 - 4930

Published: April 19, 2022

Nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical public health interventions are important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. However, it is still unclear how effectiveness of these changes with emergence severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) novel variants. This simulation study utilized data from Japan investigated characteristic properties Omicron variant, which emerged in late 2021, influence interventions, including vaccination, reduction interpersonal contact, early isolation infectious people. Although short generation time variant increases vaccination decreases isolation. The latter feature may make containment case clusters difficult. increase infected children during Omicron-dominant epidemic diminishes effects previously adult-targeted interventions. These findings underscore importance monitoring viral evolution consequent epidemiological characteristics. An assessment adaptation measures against COVID-19 required as SARS-CoV-2 variants continue emerge.

Language: Английский

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Where are children ages 5–17 years receiving their COVID-19 vaccinations? Variations over time and by sociodemographic characteristics, United States

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(48), P. 6917 - 6923

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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