The Fishes of the Amazon: Distribution and Biogeographical Patterns, with a Comprehensive List of Species

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2019(431), P. 1 - 1

Published: June 13, 2019

We provide a general compilation of the diversity and geographical distribution Amazonian fishes, updated to end 2018. Our database includes documented distributions 4214 species (both from surrounding basins), compiled published information plus original data ichthyological collections. results show that Amazon basin comprises most diverse regional assemblage freshwater fishes in world, with 2716 valid (1696 which are endemic) representing 529 genera, 60 families, 18 orders. These permit view on basinwide scale, turn allows identification congruent biogeographical patterns, here defined as overlapping two or more lineages (species monophyletic groups). recognize 20 distinct distributional patterns herein individually delimited, named, diagnosed. Not all these associated identifiable barriers, some may result ecological constraints. All major subdrainages fit into than one pattern. This fact reveals complex history hydrographical basins shows modern basin-defined units contribute relatively little explanatory factors for present fishes. An understanding geomorphological processes paleographic landscape changes provides far better background interpreting observed patterns. expected framework future studies diversification historical biogeography aquatic biota.

Language: Английский

---

Diversification of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 27 - 53

Published: July 31, 2020

Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint <0.5% of total regional land-surface area and representing greatest phenotypic disparity functional diversity any ichthyofauna. Data from fossil record time-calibrated molecular phylogenies indicate that higher taxa (e.g., genera, families) diversified relatively continuously through Cenozoic, across broad geographic ranges South American platform. Biodiversity data for NFF clades support a model radiation rather adaptive radiation, in which speciation occurs mainly allopatry, adaptation are largely decoupled. These radiations occurred under perennial influence river capture sea-level oscillations, episodically fragmented merged portions adjacent networks. The future Anthropocene is uncertain, facing numerous threats at local, regional, scales.

Language: Английский

---

Human impacts outpace natural processes in the Amazon

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(6630)

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Amazonian environments are being degraded by modern industrial and agricultural activities at a pace far above anything previously known, imperiling its vast biodiversity reserves globally important ecosystem services. The most substantial threats come from regional deforestation, because of export market demands, global climate change. Amazon is currently perched to transition rapidly largely forested nonforested landscape. These changes happening much too for species, peoples, ecosystems respond adaptively. Policies prevent the worst outcomes known must be enacted immediately. We now need political will leadership act on this information. To fail biosphere, we our peril.

Language: Английский

---

Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Abstract Land use change and deforestation can influence local temperature climate. Here we a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to assess the impact of savannization Amazon Basin on wet-bulb globe heat stress index under two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 RCP8.5). We find that exposure due was comparable effect RCP8.5. Our findings suggest could exceed human adaptation limit by 2100 combined effects change. Moreover, risk highest in Northern Brazil among most socially vulnerable. 2100, will lead more than 11 million people be exposed poses an extreme health high emission scenario.

Language: Английский

---

Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(2)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Landscape dynamics are widely thought to govern the tempo and mode of continental radiations, yet effects river network rearrangements on dispersal lineage diversification remain poorly understood. We integrated an unprecedented occurrence dataset 4,967 species with a newly compiled, time-calibrated phylogeny South American freshwater fishes—the most species-rich vertebrate fauna Earth—to track evolutionary processes associated hydrogeographic events over 100 Ma. Net was heterogeneous through time, across space, among clades. Five abrupt shifts in net rates occurred during Paleogene Miocene (between 30 7 Ma) association major landscape evolution events. accelerated from Recent (c. 20 0 Ma), Western Amazonia having highest situ diversification, which led it being important source dispersing other regions. All regional biotic interchanges were documented formation biogeographic corridors, including Early 23 16 uplift Serra do Mar da Mantiqueira Late 10 Northern Andes modern transcontinental Amazon River. The combination high extensive interchange yielded its extraordinary contemporary richness phylogenetic endemism. Our results support hypothesis that dynamics, shaped history drainage basin connections, strongly affected assembly basin-wide fish faunas.

Language: Английский

---

Accelerated Diversification Explains the Exceptional Species Richness of Tropical Characoid Fishes

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 78 - 92

Published: June 4, 2021

Abstract The Neotropics harbor the most species-rich freshwater fish fauna on planet, but timing of that exceptional diversification remains unclear. Did accumulate species steadily throughout their long history, or attain remarkable diversity recently? Biologists have debated relative support for these museum and cradle hypotheses, few phylogenies megadiverse tropical clades included sufficient taxa to distinguish between them. We used 1288 ultraconserved element loci spanning 293 species, 211 genera, 21 families characoid fishes reconstruct a new, fossil-calibrated phylogeny infer likely scenario clade includes third Neotropical diversity. This implies paraphyly traditional delimitation Characiformes because it resolves largely Characoidei as sister lineage Siluriformes (catfishes), rather than African Citharinodei. Time-calibrated indicate an ancient origin major lineages reveal much more recent emergence species. Diversification rate analyses increased speciation decreased extinction rates during Oligocene at around 30 Ma period mega-wetland formation in proto-Orinoco-Amazonas. Three ecomorphologically diverse (Anostomidae, Serrasalmidae, Characidae) originated 60 Paleocene experienced particularly notable bursts now account collectively 68% approximately 2150 Characoidei. In addition paleogeographic changes, we discuss potential accelerants three lineages. While accumulated ago, this geologically dynamic region also cradled birth species-level [Biodiversity; Characiformes; macroevolution; Neotropics; phylogenomics; elements.]

Language: Английский

---

A Middle to Late Miocene Trans-Andean Portal: Geologic Record in the Tatacoa Desert

Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Integration of several geologic lines evidence reveals the prevalence a lowland trans-Andean portal communicating western Amazonia and westernmost Andes from at least middle Miocene until Pliocene times. Volcanism crustal shortening built up relief in southernmost Central Eastern Cordilleras Colombia, closing this gap. Independent consist first, field mapping Tatacoa Desert with coverage area ∼381 km 2 , 1,165 geological contact traces, 164 structural data points, 3D aerial digital models. This map documents beginning southward propagation tip Cordillera’s west-verging, fold-and-thrust belt between ∼12.2 13.7 Ma. Second, compilation new published detrital zircon geochronology strata shows three distinctive age populations: Miocene, Eocene, Jurassic; first two sourced west Cordillera, latter Magdalena Valley. Similar populations peaks have now been recovered Amazonian strata. These observations, along molecular fossil fish data, suggest that by Serravallian times (∼13 Ma), Northern were separated ∼3°N fluvial system flowed into Amazon Basin through Desert. paleogeographic configuration would be similar to Western Andean, or Marañon Portal. Late flattening subducting Nazca slab caused eastward migration volcanic arc, so starting ∼4 Ma, large composite volcanoes axis today's Andean altering drainage patterns resemble modern configuration.

Language: Английский

---

Ecosystem services generated by Neotropical freshwater fishes

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 850(12-13), P. 2903 - 2926

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 382(2269)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

The Amazon is the largest drainage basin on Earth and contains a wide variety of abiotic landscape features. In spite this, geodiversity in this has not yet been objectively evaluated. We address knowledge gap by combining meta-analysis an existing global map its components with systematic literature review, to identify key characteristics (ADB). also evaluate how these component maps, that are based geology, geomorphology, soils hydrology, could be refined better reflect basin. Our review shows geology—through lithological diversity geological structures—and hydrology—through hydrological processes influence geomorphology soil diversity—are main determinants geodiversity. Based features, ADB can subdivided into three principal regions: (i) Andean orogenic belt western Amazon, (ii) cratons eastern (iii) Solimões-Amazon river system. Additional methods geomorphological have identified. Future research should focus investigating relationship between assess their biodiversity. Such enhance conservation plans for ADB. This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Geodiversity science society’.

Language: Английский

---

Evolution of Amazonian biodiversity: A review

Acta Amazonica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(spe1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Amazonia (defined herein as the Amazon basin) is home to greatest concentration of biodiversity on Earth, providing unique genetic resources and ecological functions that contribute ecosystem services globally. The lengthy complex evolutionary history this region has produced heterogeneous landscapes riverscapes at multiple scales, altered geographic connections among populations, impacted rates adaptation, speciation, extinction. In turn, ecologically diverse Amazonian biotas promoted further diversification, species coexistence, coevolution, with accumulating over tens millions years. Important events in included: (i) late Cretaceous early Paleogene origin major rainforest plant animal groups; (ii) Eocene-Oligocene global cooling rainforests contracting tropical latitudes separating Atlantic coastal rainforests; (iii) Miocene uplift central northern Andes separated Pacific rainforests, spurred formation mega-wetlands western Amazon, contributed modern transcontinental River; (iv) Neogene Panamanian Isthmus facilitated Great American Biotic Interchange; (v) Pleistocene climate oscillations followed by Pleistocene-Holocene human colonization megafaunal extinctions; (vi) era widespread anthropogenic deforestation, defaunation, transformations regional climates. conservation requires decade-scale investments into documentation monitoring leverage existing scientific capacity, strategic habitat planning allow continuity processes now future.

Language: Английский

---