Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 1161 - 1171

Published: April 13, 2021

Abstract A mounting body of evidence indicates that dietary fiber (DF) metabolites produced by commensal bacteria play essential roles in balancing the immune system. DF, considered nonessential nutrients past, is now to be necessary maintain adequate levels immunity and suppress inflammatory allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, are major DF mostly specialized capable breaking down into simpler saccharides further metabolizing SCFAs. SCFAs act on many cell types regulate a number important biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal functions, This review specifically highlights regulatory functions system with focus innate adaptive lymphocytes. Current information regarding how lymphoid cells, T helper cytotoxic B cells these impact immunity, inflammation, responses discussed.

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids in diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in gastrointestinal tract. The absorption SCFAs is mediated substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number studies have implicated microorganisms crucial executors diet-based microbial influence on host. important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent a major carbon flux from diet, that decomposed gut microbiota. play vital role multiple molecular biological processes, promoting secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 IECs to inhibit elevation blood glucose, expression G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 GPR43, inhibiting histone deacetylases, participate regulation proliferation, differentiation, function IECs. affect motility, barrier function, host Furthermore, regulatory roles local, intermediate, peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, butyrate SCFAs, they involved immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, lipid Herein, we review diverse functional this class reflect their ability intestine, metabolic, other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Dietary fiber and SCFAs in the regulation of mucosal immunity

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 151(2), P. 361 - 370

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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Role of Gut Microbiota on Onset and Progression of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 3719 - 3719

Published: Dec. 2, 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most problematic and economic consumer disorders worldwide, with growing prevalence incidence. Over last years, substantial research has highlighted intricate relationship among gut microbiota, dysbiosis metabolic syndromes development. Changes in microbiome composition lead to an imbalanced gastrointestinal habitat which promotes abnormal production metabolites, inflammatory status, glucose metabolism alteration even insulin resistance (IR). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide, aromatic amino their affiliated contribute T2DM via different immunologic pathways. In this narrative review, we discuss immunopathogenic mechanism behind dysbiosis, development major known diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy nephropathy), beneficial use pre- pro-biotics fecal microbiota transplantation management new findings future perspectives field.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 11, 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic inflammatory disorders the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence shows that development IBD is always accompanied by dysbiosis gut microbiota (GM), causing decrease in prebiotic levels and an increase harmful metabolite levels. This leads to persistent immune response inflammation intestine, greatly impairing physiological function Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced probiotic bacteria from fiber-rich diet cannot be digested directly. SCFAs with significant anti-inflammatory functions regulate prevent excessive response, thereby delaying clinical progression IBD. In this review, we summarize generation their potential therapeutic effects on Furthermore, suggest may modulate innate recognition cytokine production intervene Additional randomized controlled trials prospective cohort studies should also investigate impact SCFA. Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Butyrate ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in diabetic nephropathy by enhancing gut barrier function and FFA2‐mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signals

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 179(1), P. 159 - 178

Published: Oct. 13, 2021

Background and Purpose Muscle protein catabolism in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) results striking loss of muscle proteins, which increases morbidity mortality risks. Evidence shows that short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role health maintenance disease development. Recently, the connection between butyrate (a SCFA) DN has been revealed, although relationship atrophy remains unclear. Experimental Approach We studied changes serum levels using metabolomic analyses. In db/db mice, protective effects on DN‐induced atrophy. were explored. Inhibition by underlying mechanism(s) C2C12 cells exposed to high glucose/lipopolysaccharide (HG/LPS). Key Results Butyrate significantly decreased. supplementing normal diet improved intestinal barrier function. Concurrently, alleviated atrophy, promoted PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling, suppressed oxidative stress autophagy skeletal HG/LPS‐exposed cells. Further, FFA2 receptors, key components SCFA decreased mice Overexpression receptors activated signalling inhibited Silencing blocked was butyrate, as well suppression reduction autophagy. Conclusion Implication exerts induced enhancing function activating receptor‐mediated pathway.

Language: Английский

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Diabetic nephropathy: Focusing on pathological signals, clinical treatment, and dietary regulation

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 114252 - 114252

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications diabetes. However, due to its complex pathological mechanisms, no effective therapeutic methods (other than ACEIs and ARBs) have been applied, which used for many years in clinical practice. Recent studies shown that emerging therapeutics, including novel target-based pharmacotherapy, cell therapies, dietary regulation, are leading new hopes DN management. This review aims shed light on treatment by describing important mechanisms analysing recent advances treatment, drug therapy, regulation. In RAAS activation, AGE accumulation, EMT involved inflammation, cellular stress, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy. several SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, MRAs, receiving public attention. addition, stem therapies regulation also being emphasized. Herein, we highlight importance combining therapy anticipate more basic research or trials verify strategies.

Language: Английский

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Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Attenuates CKD via Butyrate-Renal GPR43 Axis

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 131(9)

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Despite available clinical management strategies, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, which beckons new solutions. Host-microbial interactions a depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in CKD are reported. However, the mechanisms about if how F can be used as probiotic to treat remains unknown.We evaluated microbial compositions 2 independent populations for any potential probiotic. Next, we investigated supplementation such mouse model restore gut-renal homeostasis monitored by its effects on suppression renal inflammation, improvement gut permeability function. Last, molecular underlying probiotic-induced beneficial outcomes.We observed significant patients both Western (n=283) Eastern (n=75). Supplementation mice reduced dysfunction, lowered serum levels various uremic toxins. These coupled improved ecology intestinal integrity. Moreover, demonstrated that induced prausnitzii-derived butyrate were through GPR (G protein-coupled receptor)-43.Using model, uncovered novel role restoration function CKD, is, at least part, attributed butyrate-mediated GPR-43 signaling kidney. Our study provides necessary foundation harness therapeutic ameliorating CKD.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Slowing Progression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3086 - 3086

Published: March 7, 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of chronic (CKD), and it heightens the risk cardiovascular incidents. The pathogenesis DKD thought to involve hemodynamic, inflammatory, metabolic factors that converge on fibrotic pathway. Genetic predisposition unhealthy lifestyle practices both play significant role in development progression DKD. In spite recent emergence angiotensin receptors blockers (ARBs)/angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists (NS-MRAs), current therapies still fail effectively arrest Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), promising class agents, possess potential act as renal protectors, slowing Other including pentoxifylline (PTF), selonsertib, baricitinib hold great promise for due their anti-inflammatory antifibrotic properties. Multidisciplinary treatment, encompassing modifications drug therapy, can decelerate Based treatment heart failure, recommended use multiple drugs combination rather than single-use Unearthing mechanisms underlying urgent optimize management Inflammatory (including IL-1, MCP-1, MMP-9, CTGF, TNF-a TGF-β1), along with lncRNAs, not only serve diagnostic biomarkers, but also therapeutic targets. this review, we delve into We explore additional value combing these develop novel strategies. Drawing from understanding pathogenesis, propose HIF AGE epigenetic targets future.

Language: Английский

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Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and diabetes: the mediating role of phenotypic age and body mass index

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Objectives The global prevalence of diabetes is continuously rising, and the gut microbiota closely associated with it. Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) assesses impact diet on microbiota, but its association risk remains unclear. This study aims to investigate between DI-GM analyze mediating roles phenotypic age body mass index (BMI). Methods Utilizing data from National Health nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2018, we included 17,444 adults aged 20 years older. (score range: 0–13) was calculated based dietary recall. Diabetes diagnosed laboratory results self-reported information. Multivariable logistic regression used diabetes, adjusting relevant covariates. Mediation analysis evaluated BMI. Results After confounders, higher scores were significantly a lower (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.96, p < 0.001). Compared group 0–3, those 5 0.76, 0.67–0.86) ≥ 6 0.77, 0.68–0.88) had reduced risk. Phenotypic BMI accounted 41.02 25.57% respectively. Conclusion Higher are partially mediated through

Language: Английский

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