Young-onset colorectal cancer

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Current Insights

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 3202 - 3202

Published: June 15, 2023

Over the past decade, incidence of colorectal cancer has increased in individuals under age 50 years. Meanwhile, gradually decreased older population. As described herein, we reviewed available literature to summarize current landscape early-onset cancer, including risk factors, clinicopathological presentation, genetic makeup patients, and management. Currently, is treated similarly as late-onset yet shows that more aggressive different, this remains a significant unmet need. A detailed understanding needed identify factors for tailor treatments accordingly.

Language: Английский

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The histological and molecular characteristics of early-onset colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 26, 2024

Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), defined as diagnosis before age 50, has increased in recent decades. Although more often diagnosed at advanced stage, associations with other histological and molecular markers that impact prognosis treatment remain to be clarified. We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis concerning the prevalence of prognostic predictive tumor for early- vs. late-onset CRC, including oncogene mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), emerging immune cells consensus subtypes. systematically searched PubMed original research articles published between April 2013-January 2024. Included studies compared CRC. A was completed summary odds ratios (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from random effects model via inverse variance weighting. sensitivity analysis restrict excluded individuals Lynch syndrome, hereditary condition influences distribution early-onset In total, 149 identified. Tumors CRC are less likely include mutations KRAS (OR, CI: 0.91, 0.85-0.98), BRAF (0.63, 0.51-0.78), APC (0.70, 0.58-0.84), NRAS (0.88, 0.78-1.00) but PTEN (1.68, 1.04-2.73) TP53 (1.34, 1.24-1.45). After limiting (0.77, 0.64-0.92) mutation (0.81, 0.67-0.97) attenuated, while an association PIK3CA also observed 0.78-0.99). tumors develop along CpG Island Methylator Phenotype pathway (0.24, 0.10-0.57), possess adverse features high grade (1.20, 1.15-1.25), mucinous (1.22, 1.16-1.27) or signet ring histology (2.32, 2.08-2.57). positive MSI status (1.31, 1.11-1.56) Associations subtypes inconsistent. lower is consistent extended survival superior response targeted therapies metastatic disease. Conversely, associated aggressive which may serve therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Early Onset Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Insights and Clinical Management of a Rising Condition

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 3509 - 3509

Published: July 5, 2023

Despite a recent overall decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality, there has been significant rise CRC diagnoses young adults. Early onset (EOCRC) is defined as diagnosed before the age of 50. Possible predisposing conditions include not only genetic syndromes but also other risk factors, such microbiome alteration, antibiotic exposure, obesity, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease. EOCRC tends to be later than older counterpart because lack awareness fact that screening for usually starts at Furthermore, adults seems related unique molecular features more aggressive clinical behavior. This paper aims provide an in-depth review this poorly understood subject, with comprehensive state art considerations future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and overweight are associated with worse survival in early-onset colorectal cancer

Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(2), P. 295 - 302

Published: May 20, 2024

BackgroundObesity and its associated lifestyle are known risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer with poor postoperative survival outcomes in older patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on cancers.MethodsRetrospective review all patients undergoing primary resection colon or rectal adenocarcinoma at our institution between 2015–2022. Patients who had palliative resections, resections performed another institution, appendiceal tumors, were underweight excluded. The endpoint was according patient's body mass index: normal weight (18–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 (≥30 kg/m2). Patient tumor characteristics compared three groups.ResultsA total 279 aged <50 years treated hospital; 120 excluded from analysis following reasons: main treatment hospital (n = 97), no resection/palliative 23), index <18 kg/m2 2). Of these, 157 included analysis; 61 (38.9%) 45 (28.7%) obesity. Except a higher frequency hypertension (P .062) obese .001) groups, differences patient observed. Mean overall 89 months weight, 92 overweight, 65 .032). cancer-specific 95 94 68 .018). No statistically significant difference disease-free (75 vs 70 59 months, P .844) seen.ConclusionIndividuals present similar morbidity weight. However, may have detrimental their survival. Addressing as modifiable factor might improve prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Natural essential oils as a new therapeutic tool in colorectal cancer

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most revalent type of in world and second common cause death (about 1 million per year). Historically, natural compounds their structural analogues have contributed to development new drugs useful treatment various diseases, including cancer. Essential oils are odorous products made up a complex mixture low molecular weight with recognized biological pharmacological properties investigated also for prevention The aim this paper highlight possible role essential CRC, composition preclinical studies involving them. It has been reviewed determine experimental models used anticancer potential mechanisms action CRC. Searches were performed following databases PubMed/Medline, Web science, TRIP database, Scopus, Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms. results analyzed showed that EOs exhibited wide range bioactive effects like cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, antimetastatic on cells through action. This updated review provides better quality scientific evidence efficacy as chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents Future translational clinical needed establish effective dose humans well suitable route administration maximum bioavailability efficacy. Given positive obtained from studies, can be considered efficient complementary therapies chemotherapy

Language: Английский

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Focusing on colorectal cancer in young adults (Review)

Molecular and Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent years have witnessed an increase in incidence CRC among adults <50 old on a global scale. The increased is associated with several modifiable risk factors, including obesity, type II diabetes, physical inactivity and frequent antibiotic use. In younger individuals, haematochezia abdominal pain are most common symptoms, predominantly affecting left-side colon. While certain cases early-onset (eoCRC) genetic predisposition, majority result from sporadic mutations genes APC, KRAS, BRAF TP53, which trigger uncontrolled cell proliferation tumour formation. carcinogenesis involves three major pathways: chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite CpG island methylator phenotype pathways. Dysregulation CIN pathway accounts for 85% eoCRC. Notably, eoCRC exhibits distinctive molecular profile, characterized by decreased prevalence mutations, KRAS LINE-1 hypomethylation, involvement Microsatellite Chromosomal Stable pathway. Prevention strategies primarily centre lifestyle modifications development screening programs targeting populations. Further exploration into mechanisms involved identification novel factors imperative. These efforts, conjunction specific strategies, hold potential to reduce morbidity future.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and early-onset colorectal cancer risk: emerging clinical evidence and biological mechanisms

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 2, 2024

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as diagnosed at younger than 50 years of age and indicates a health burden globally. Patients with EOCRC have distinct risk factors, clinical characteristics, molecular pathogenesis compared older patients CRC. Further investigations identified different roles obesity between late-onset (LOCRC). Most studies focused on the characteristics in EOCRC, therefore, mechanism involved association remains inconclusive. This review further states that affects carcinogenesis well its development progression, which may lead to obesity-related metabolic syndrome, intestinal dysbacteriosis, inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Actual and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11535 - 11535

Published: Oct. 27, 2024

Biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) are of great interest the current literature due to improvements techniques such as liquid biopsy and next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, screening methods vary globally, with multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) predominantly used USA and, more recently, Cologuard Plus; biomarkers Galectins family septins show promise early detection. Gut microbiome assessments, Fusobacterium nucleatum, under intense exploration. Diagnostic tests, circulating analysis via NGS, exhibit effectiveness being increasingly adopted. Circulating tumor cells emerge potential alternatives traditional terms diagnosis prognosis. Predictive well established guidelines; nonetheless, aid machine learning artificial intelligence, these may be improved. This review critically explores actual dynamic landscape CRC future, promising involved screening, diagnosis,

Language: Английский

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Immune Microenvironment in Sporadic Early-Onset versus Average-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1457 - 1457

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

The incidence of left-sided colon and rectal cancer in young people are increasing worldwide, but its causes poorly understood. It is not clear if the tumor microenvironment dependent on age onset, little known about composition tumor-infiltrating T cells early-onset colorectal (EOCRC). To address this, we investigated T-cell subsets performed gene expression immune profiling sporadic EOCRC tumors matched average-onset (AOCRC) tumors. Left-sided from 40 cases were analyzed; 20 (<45 years) patients 1:1 to AOCRC (70-75 by gender, location, stage. Cases with germline pathogenic variants, inflammatory bowel disease or neoadjuvant-treated excluded. For stroma, a multiplex immunofluorescence assay combined digital image analysis machine learning algorithms was used. Immunological mediators assessed NanoString mRNA. Immunofluorescence revealed no significant difference between regard infiltration total cells, conventional CD4+ CD8+ regulatory γδ cells. Most located stroma both AOCRC. Immune higher immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10, inhibitory NK cell receptors KIR3DL3 KLRB1 (CD161), IFN-a7 (IFNA7). In contrast, interferon-induced IFIT2 more highly expressed EOCRC. However, global 770 immunity genes, differences could be detected. similar This may indicate that response left rectum related onset likely driven deficiency.

Language: Английский

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