Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 58 - 66

Published: Aug. 10, 2012

Language: Английский

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Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

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Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 686 - 693

Published: Aug. 26, 2009

Language: Английский

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Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species – a global review

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 788 - 809

Published: Aug. 8, 2011

Abstract Aim Woody plants were not widely considered to be important invasive alien species until fairly recently. Thousands of trees and shrubs have, however, been moved around the world. Many have spread from planting sites, some are now among most widespread damaging organisms. This article presents a global list shrubs. It discusses taxonomic biases, geographical patterns, modes dispersal, reasons for introductions key issues regarding invasions non‐native woody Location Global. Methods An exhaustive survey was made regional national databases literature. Correspondence with botanists ecologists our own observations in many parts world expanded list. Presence determined each 15 broad regions. The main introduction dissemination species. Results comprises 622 (357 trees, 265 29 plant orders, 78 families, 286 genera). Regions largest number are: Australia (183); southern Africa (170); North America (163); Pacific Islands (147); New Zealand (107). Species introduced horticulture dominated (62% species: 196 187 shrubs). next forestry (13%), food (10%) agroforestry (7%). Three hundred twenty‐three (52%) currently known only one region, another 126 (20%) occur two Only 38 (6%) very (invasive six or more regions). Over 40% tree over 60% shrub bird dispersed. Main conclusions between 0.5% 0.7% world’s outside their natural range, but rapidly increasing importance objectively compiled presented here provides snapshot current dimensions phenomenon will useful screening new potential.

Language: Английский

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Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 159(8-9), P. 1974 - 1983

Published: April 14, 2011

Language: Английский

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Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 126 - 139

Published: Jan. 1, 2007

ABSTRACT Rivers are conduits for materials and energy; this, the frequent intense disturbances that these systems experience, their narrow, linear nature, create problems conservation of biodiversity ecosystem functioning in face increasing human influence. In most parts world, riparian zones highly modified. Changes caused by alien plants — or environmental changes facilitate shifts dominance creating novel ecosystems often important agents perturbation systems. Many restoration projects underway. Objective frameworks based on an understanding biogeographical processes at different spatial scales (reach, segment, catchment), specific relationships between invasive resilience functioning, realistic endpoints needed to guide sustainable initiatives. This paper examines biogeography determinants composition structure vegetation temperate subtropical regions conceptualizes components We consider by, associated with, plant invasions, particular those lead breached abiotic‐ biotic thresholds. These pose challenges when formulating programmes. Pervasive escalating human‐mediated multiple factors a range environments demand innovative pragmatic approaches restoration. The application new framework accommodating such complexity is demonstrated with reference hypothetical under three scenarios: (1) system unaffected plants; (2) initially uninvaded, but flood‐generated incursion invasion‐driven alteration; (3) affected both invasions engineering interventions. scheme has been used derive decision‐making restoring South Africa could similar initiatives other world.

Language: Английский

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A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. e1001850 - e1001850

Published: May 6, 2014

Species moved by human activities beyond the limits of their native geographic ranges into areas in which they do not naturally occur (termed aliens) can cause a broad range significant changes to recipient ecosystems; however, impacts vary greatly across species and ecosystems are introduced. There is therefore critical need for standardised method evaluate, compare, eventually predict magnitudes these different impacts. Here, we propose straightforward system classifying alien according magnitude environmental impacts, based on mechanisms impact used code International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Global Invasive Database, presented here first time. The classification uses five semi-quantitative scenarios describing under each mechanism assign levels impact—ranging from Minimal Massive—with assignment corresponding highest level deleterious associated with any mechanisms. scheme also includes categories that Not Evaluated, have No Alien Population, or Data Deficient, assigning uncertainty all classifications. We show how this applicable at ecological complexity spatial temporal scales, embraces existing metrics. In fact, analogous already widely adopted accepted Red List approach categorising extinction risk, so could conceivably be readily integrated practices policies many regions.

Language: Английский

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Are invasive species the drivers of ecological change?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 470 - 474

Published: July 22, 2005

Language: Английский

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Biological invasions as disruptors of plant reproductive mutualisms

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 208 - 216

Published: Feb. 8, 2006

Language: Английский

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Progress toward understanding the ecological impacts of nonnative species

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 83(3), P. 263 - 282

Published: Feb. 6, 2013

A predictive understanding of the ecological impacts nonnative species has been slow to develop, owing largely an apparent dearth clearly defined hypotheses and lack a broad theoretical framework. The context dependency impact fueled perception that meaningful generalizations are nonexistent. Here, we identified reviewed 19 testable explain temporal spatial variation in impact. Despite poor validation most date, evidence suggests each can at least some situations. Several scope (applying plants animals virtually all contexts) them, intriguingly, link processes colonization Collectively, these highlight importance functional ecology structure, diversity, evolutionary experience recipient community as general determinants impact; thus, they could provide foundation for framework predicting Further substantive progress toward this goal requires explicit consideration within‐taxon across‐taxa per capita effect invaders, analyses complex interactions between invaders their biotic abiotic environments.

Language: Английский

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