Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Obesity: A Systematic Review

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77(1), P. 100002 - 100002

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

The history of anti-obesity pharmacotherapies is marked by disappointments, often entangled with societal pressure promoting weight loss and the conviction that excess body signifies a lack willpower. However, categories emerging generate hope to reduce obesity rates. This systematic review phase 2 3 trials in adults overweight/obesity investigates effect novel pharmacotherapies, compared placebo/control or Food Drug Administration-approved medication, through searching Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov (2012-2024). We identified 53 trials, 36 drugs combinations thereof four withdrawn terminated trials. Oral semaglutide 50 mg only medication has completed trial. There are 14 ongoing on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) (ecnoglutide, orforglipron, TG103), GLP-1 RA/amylin agonist (CagriSema), GLP-1/glucagon RAs (mazdutide, survodutide), GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide glucagon RA (retatrutide), dapagliflozin, combination sibutramine/topiramate. Completed incretin-based therapies showed mean percent 7.4-24.2%. Almost half undergoing were incretin analogs. drug pipeline expanding rapidly, most promising results reported Data mortality obesity-related complications, such as cardio-renal-metabolic events, needed. Moreover, long-term follow-up data safety efficacy maintenance along studies focused under-represented populations, cost-effectiveness assessments, availability, needed bridge care gap for patients obesity. Significance Statement Obesity epidemic 21st century. Except newer injectable medications, suboptimal have been available clinician's armamentarium. alternatives agents populate therapeutic pipeline. identifies state mechanism action having clinical information provided herein furthers understanding management, implying direct implications stimulating research initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Glabridin restore the sensitivity of colistin against mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli by polypharmacology mechanism

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 293, P. 128070 - 128070

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Glabridin Ameliorates Alcohol-Caused Liver Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via p38 MAPK/Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2157 - 2157

Published: April 30, 2023

Licorice is a traditional and versatile herbal medicine food. Glabridin (Gla) kind of isoflavone extracted from the licorice root, which has anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic, antioxidative effects. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) widespread induced by chronic alcohol consumption. However, studies demonstrating effect Gla on ALD are rare. The research explored positive in C57BL/6J mice fed Lieber–DeCarli ethanol diet HepG2 cells treated with ethanol. alleviated ethanol-induced injury, including reducing vacuolation lipid accumulation. serum levels inflammatory cytokines were decreased Gla-treated mice. reactive oxygen species apoptosis attenuated antioxidant enzyme activity restored treatment. In vitro, reduced cytotoxicity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocation, enhanced (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) translocation. Anisomycin (an agonist p38 MAPK) eliminated role ethanol-caused oxidative stress inflammation. On whole, can alleviate alcoholic damage via MAPK/Nrf2/NF-κB pathway may be used as novel health product or drug to potentially ALD.

Language: Английский

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360-Degree Perspectives on Obesity

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 1119 - 1119

Published: June 9, 2023

Alarming statistics show that the number of people affected by excessive weight has surpassed 2 billion, representing approximately 30% world's population. The aim this review is to provide a comprehensive overview one most serious public health problems, considering obesity requires an integrative approach takes into account its complex etiology, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Only understanding connections between many contributors synergy treatment interventions can ensure satisfactory outcomes in reducing obesity. Mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis play crucial role pathogenesis associated complications. Compounding factors deleterious effects novel challenge posed obesogenic digital (food) environment, stigma with should not be overlooked. Preclinical research animal models been instrumental elucidating these mechanisms, translation clinical practice provided promising therapeutic options, epigenetic approaches, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery. However, more studies are necessary discover new compounds target key metabolic pathways, innovative ways deliver drugs, optimal combinations allopathic treatments, and, last but least, emerging biological markers for effective monitoring. With each passing day, crisis tightens grip, threatening only individual lives also burdening healthcare systems societies at large. It high time we took action confront urgent imperative address escalating global head-on.

Language: Английский

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In vitro and in vivo enhancement effect of glabridin on the antibacterial activity of colistin, against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 130, P. 155732 - 155732

Published: May 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sensitive sensing of GLA and ISL based on highly conductivity nitrogen-doped carbon synergistic dual-template molecularly imprinted ratiometric electrochemical sensor

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 116384 - 116384

Published: May 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Biochanin A Inhibits the Growth and Biofilm of Candida Species

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 89 - 89

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity biochanin A (BCA) against planktonic growth and biofilms six Candida species, including C. albicans, parapsilosis, glabrata, tropicalis, auris, krusei. We applied various assays that determined (a) antimicrobial effect on (b) formation hyphae biofilm, (c) expression genes related hyphal biofilm formation, (d) influence cell wall structure, (e) membrane integrity permeability. Moreover, disk diffusion tests were used a combination BCA with fluconazole assess their possible synergistic drug-resistant auris. Our results showed MIC50 values species ranged between 125 µg/mL 500 µg/mL, MIC90 in concentration range from 250 1000 µg/mL. treatment inhibited adhesion cells, surface hydrophobicity (CSH), reduced all analyzed species. Real-time qRT-PCR revealed down-regulated biofilm-specific albicans. Furthermore, physical destruction albicans membranes walls as result observed. did not exert effects fluconazole-resistant Candida.

Language: Английский

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Local Delivery of Glabridin by Biomolecular Microneedle to Accelerate Infected Wound Healing

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Abstract Applying antibacterial polymers and pro‐regenerative small molecules are two individual strategies for accelerating wound healing. However, integrating those unique approaches into one therapeutic platform that meets clinical requirements is still a challenge. Herein, series of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) composite hydrogels (termed as GP‐n HGs, n = 0, 10, 20, 30, respectively) innovatively fabricated by ultraviolet light (UV) crosslinking. The HGs proved to be broad‐spectrum biocompatible. Among the GP‐20 HG selectively processed microneedle following mold‐casting method. Then, glabridin loaded needles produce termed GP‐20@Gla MN. An S. aureus ‐infected full‐thickness defect model in rats created evaluate wound‐healing effect Furthermore, an RNA sequencing assay performed explore possible molecular mechanisms promoting tissue regeneration, many positive routes summarized. This work significant novelty fulfilling complex needs simultaneously optimizing advanced microneedles' chemical compositions physical structures. will provide promising treating infected chronic wounds.

Language: Английский

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Mechanism, Formulation, and Efficacy Evaluation of Natural Products for Skin Pigmentation Treatment

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1022 - 1022

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Skin pigmentation typically arises from the excessive secretion and accumulation of melanin, resulting in a darker complexion compared to normal skin. Currently, local application chemical drugs is first-line strategy for disorders, but safety efficacy still cannot meet clinical treatment needs. For long-term safe medication, researchers have paid attention natural products with higher biocompatibility. This article begins by examining pathogenesis approaches skin diseases summarizes research progress mechanism lightening or whitening effects that are clinically common experimentally proven. Moreover, we outline novel formulations treating including liposomes, nanoparticles, microemulsions, microneedles, tocosomes. Finally, pharmacodynamic evaluation methods study disorder were first systematically analyzed. In brief, this review aims collect investigate their formulation design provide insights development new complex disease.

Language: Английский

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Structural and anti-ovarian cancer insights into the immunoglobulin G-glabridin nanocomplex

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 140038 - 140038

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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