Beyond Viral Infections: The Multifaceted Roles of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment

Discovery Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(180), P. 1 - 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a profound influence on the oncogenesis and progression of various cancers, notably those instigated by human papillomavirus (HPV) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). etiology HPV EBV-associated malignancies is rooted in intricate interactions that intertwine viral infections, genetic predispositions, distinct TME dynamics. These foster milieu can either support or hinder tumorigenic progression. Gaining in-depth knowledge TME's unique features, including its cellular composition, cytokine profiles, metabolic alterations specific to fundamental innovating more efficacious therapeutic strategies. This review delineates roles EBV shaping expounds upon characteristics EBV-driven cancers. Additionally, we spotlight innovative approaches remodel TME, aiming augment efficacy combatting neoplasms.

Language: Английский

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Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein: Targeting glycoprotein gB to inhibit EBV and HSV-1 infections via viral fusion blockage

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 142179 - 142179

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Aseptic meningitis: a foundation review

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 30, 2025

Purpose of review This addresses the multifaceted nature aseptic meningitis, a condition with diverse infectious and noninfectious etiologies. Despite its common presentation in clinical settings, over half cases remain without an identified cause, necessitating comprehensive examination diagnostic management strategies. The increasing availability advanced molecular diagnostics challenge distinguishing bacterial from nonbacterial make this opportune time to explore implications for practice. Recent findings literature highlights pivotal role diagnostics, such as multiplex PCR metagenomic sequencing, improving identification pathogens meningitis. Enteroviruses leading but like Herpesviridae, arboviruses, nonviral agents fungi spirochetes also contribute significantly. New algorithms models are emerging distinguish viral reducing unnecessary treatments. Summary Aseptic meningitis is evolving advancements technologies that allow earlier pathogen identification, patient outcomes minimizing healthcare costs. These underscore importance timely accurate tailored therapeutic strategies both research settings. Enhanced awareness causes crucial care.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and autoimmunity: casual or causal liaisons?

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, has been associated with a substantial risk of autoimmune development or exacerbation. postulated pathophysiological mechanisms linking COVID-19 autoimmunity include reactivation latent Epstein-Barr (EBV), whose dysregulated infection in the host can trigger promote an response. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting potential immunopathogenetic link between and EBV reactivation, which could underlie onset worsening, as well immune-related long COVID manifestations patients. We offer our perspective on direction that research should take to disentangle nature (whether causal casual) "COVID-19-EBV-autoimmunity" liaisons. Further advances this area may be crucial for designing strategies prevent treat reactivation-related conditions patients, patients inflammatory co-infectious diseases, at same time promising improve knowledge viral contribution phenomena.

Language: Английский

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Mendelian randomization analysis suggests no associations of human herpes viruses with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Background The causal associations between infections with human herpes viruses (HHVs) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been disputed. This study investigated the simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster (VZV), Epstein–Barr (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV-6, HHV-7 ALS through a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database were analyzed by inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, median, simple mode, mode methods. MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO Cochran’s Q funnel plots, leaveone-out analysis used to verify validity robustness of MR results. Results In forward IVW, genetically predicted HSV [odds ratio (OR) = 0.9917; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9685–1.0154; p 0.4886], keratitis keratoconjunctivitis (OR 0.9897; CI: 0.9739–1.0059; 0.2107), anogenital infection 1.0062; 0.9826–1.0304; 0.6081), VZV IgG 1.0003; 0.9849–1.0160; 0.9659), EBV 0.9509; 0.8879–1.0183; 0.1497), CMV 0.9481; 0.8680–1.0357; 0.2374), HHV-6 0.9884; 0.9486–1.0298; 0.5765) 0.9991; 0.9693–1.0299; 0.9557) not causally associated ALS. reverse IVW revealed comparable findings, indicating no link HHVs reliability findings verified sensitivity analysis. Conclusion According study, there is evidence (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-7)

Language: Английский

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Computational biology assisted exploration of phytochemicals derived natural inhibitors to block BZLF1 gene activation of Epstein–Bar virus in host

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widespread and has been related to a variety of malignancies as well infectious mononucleosis. Despite the lack vaccination, antiviral medications offer some therapy alternatives. EBV BZLF1 gene significantly impacts viral replication infection severity. current study performed computer-assisted techniques analyses potential drug candidates against toxin Zta [Human gamma-herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus)] from phytochemicals derived natural inhibitors. Various bioinformatics methods were employed predict analyze protein structure obtained NCBI, its secondary tertiary structures predicted using PSIPRED AlphaFold. ProtParam was used assess physiochemical characteristics. Natural inhibitors found in literature PubChem, tested with PyRx, blind docking by CB-Dock, then top selected candidate analyzed for possible development applications preADMET, Molinspiration, MD simulations. Density functional Theory analysis executed transition energies reactivity. Imperatorin best developing coded because it exhibited lowest binding energy (- 6.3 kcal/mol) during inhibitor screening. Imperatorin's compliance Lipinski's Rule 5 favorable pharmacokinetics make an ideal therapeutic agent EBV. Since vaccines are crucial treating diseases cancer, computational approaches seem promising less costly design discover help silico but further vitro research required experimental validation.

Language: Английский

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Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis: A Review of Case Reports from the Last 25 Years

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 2825 - 2825

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Although uncommon, Epstein-Barr virus-related neurological disorders represent the seventh most frequent cause of infectious encephalitis in adults. The limited number publications on EBV mainly document isolated clinical cases. This study aimed to summarize published data encephalitis. A systematic literature search identified 97 In selected cases, EBV-related manifested as lymphocytic pleocytosis cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with moderate hyperproteinorachia. PCR test was positive 87% CSF samples, wide-ranging viral loads. When occurred context past infections, all tests samples were positive. On contrary, negative only primary infections. rarely carried out blood contributing minimally diagnosis. For treatment encephalitis, Aciclovir used alone 29% and association other drugs 40% Ganciclovir (30%), corticoids (52%), immunoglobulins (15%) drugs. Cerebral imaging abnormal 69% mostly cerebellum basal ganglia. work highlights that is currently main laboratory diagnostic diagnose useful; however, it imperfect. New complementary tools, approved treatments, standardized practices could improve patient management.

Language: Английский

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From virus to cancer: Epstein–Barr virus miRNA connection in Burkitt's lymphoma

Infectious Agents and Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

In Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Epstein–Barr virus-encoded microRNAs (EBV miRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulatory agents that impact cellular and viral gene regulation. This review investigates the multifaceted functions of EBV miRNAs in pathogenesis Burkitt lymphoma. regulate several processes essential for BL development, such apoptosis, immune evasion, proliferation. These small, non-coding RNAs target both host mRNAs, finely adjusting environment to favor oncogenesis. Prominent miRNAs, BART (BamHI-A rightward transcript) BHRF1 (BamHI fragment H open reading frame 1), emphasized their roles tumor growth For example, prevent apoptosis by suppressing pro-apoptotic proteins, whereas promote latency immunological evasion. Understanding intricate connections among targets illuminates suggests novel treatment approaches. Targeting or specific pathways offers a feasible option developing innovative therapies aim disrupt carcinogenic initiated these components. future studies should focus on precisely mapping miRNA‒target networks miRNA-based diagnostic therapeutic tools. comprehensive article highlights importance lymphoma, indicating potential biomarkers strategies.

Language: Английский

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Epstein Barr virus: A cellular hijacker in cancer

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 189218 - 189218

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA for the identification of viruses causing central nervous system infections

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

This study provides significant new data on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to clinical diagnostics central nervous system (CNS) viral infections, which can have high mortality rates and severe sequelae. Conventional diagnostic procedures for identifying viruses be inefficient rely preconceived assumptions about pathogen, making mNGS an appealing alternative. However, effectiveness is affected by presence human DNA contamination, minimized using cell-free (cfDNA) instead whole-cell (wcDNA). multi-center retrospective patients with suspected CNS infection found that cfDNA had a significantly lower proportion higher sensitivity detecting than wcDNA. Herpesviruses, particularly VZV, were most common in these patients. Overall, promising complementary method infections.

Language: Английский

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