Role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders: a review of reactive oxygen species and prevention by antioxidants

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Abstract Neurological disorders include a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, motor neuron disease and Parkinson’s affecting longevity quality life, their pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress. Several the chronic neurodegenerative pathologies CNS share some common features, such as stress, inflammation, synapse dysfunctions, protein misfolding defective autophagia. Neuroinflammation can involve activation mast cells, contributing to in addition other sources reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants powerfully neutralize species free radicals, decreasing damage. Antioxidant genes, like manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme, undergo epigenetic changes that reduce expression, thus increasing stress tissue. Alternatively, DNA be altered by radical The landscape these genes change antioxidant function may result disease. This imbalance production increases cause cell damage neurons often observed an age-related event. Increased expression mice protective against exogenous supplementation antioxidants. Manganese requires for its enzymic function. therapy considered diseases, new mimetic dismutase, avasopasem manganese, described suggested putative treatment causes aim this narrative review explore evidence role inhibiting Can neuronal environment causing neuroinflammation neurodegeneration, reduced or reversed?

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms IS. In particular, early proinflammatory response resulting from overactivation resident microglia infiltration circulating monocytes macrophages brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary injury. Microglia are innate immune cells that constantly monitor microenvironment under normal conditions. Once occurs, activated produce dual effects neurotoxicity neuroprotection, balance two determines fate damaged neurons. The activation defined as classical (M1 type) or alternative (M2 type). M1 type secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines neurotoxic mediators exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation M1/M2 microglial minimize damage maximize protection has therapeutic value. This review focuses on interaction between other involved IS phenotypic characteristics, mechanism natural plant components regulating IS, providing novel candidate drugs for drug development.

Language: Английский

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Microglia activation in central nervous system disorders: A review of recent mechanistic investigations and development efforts

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 7, 2023

Microglia are the principal resident immune cells in central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles development of CNS disorders. In recent years, there have been significant developments our understanding microglia, we now greater insight into temporal spatial patterns microglia activation a variety disorders, as well interactions between neurons. A signaling pathways implicated. However, to date, all published clinical trials failed demonstrate efficacy over placebo. This review summarizes results studies attempts provide mechanistic view activation, inflammation, tissue repair,

Language: Английский

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Sirtuins, resveratrol and the intertwining cellular pathways connecting them

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 101936 - 101936

Published: April 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Chronic Pain: Links to Central Sensitization and Neuroinflammation

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 71 - 71

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Chronic pain is sustained, in part, through the intricate process of central sensitization (CS), marked by maladaptive neuroplasticity and neuronal hyperexcitability within pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that CS also driven neuroinflammation peripheral nervous system. In any chronic disease, search for perpetuating factors crucial identifying therapeutic targets developing primary preventive strategies. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) emerges as a critical regulator synaptic plasticity, serving both neurotransmitter neuromodulator. Mounting supports BDNF’s pro-nociceptive role, spanning from its pain-sensitizing capacity across multiple levels nociceptive pathways to involvement neuroinflammation. Moreover, consistently elevated BDNF are observed various disorders. To comprehensively understand profound impact pain, we delve into key characteristics, focusing on role underlying molecular mechanisms contributing pain. Additionally, explore potential utility an objective biomarker This discussion encompasses emerging approaches aimed at modulating expression, offering insights addressing complexities

Language: Английский

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Depression and coronary heart disease: mechanisms, interventions, and treatments

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Coronary heart disease (CHD), a cardiovascular condition that poses significant threat to human health and life, has imposed substantial economic burden on the world. However, in contrast conventional risk factors, depression emerges as novel independent factor for CHD. This impacts onset progression of CHD elevates adverse prognostic events those already affected by As result, garnered increasing global attention. Despite this growing awareness, specific mechanisms through which contributes development remain unclear. Existing research suggests primarily influences inflammatory response, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction, platelet activation, endothelial lipid metabolism disorders, genetics, all play pivotal roles development. Furthermore, effectiveness safety antidepressant treatment patients with comorbid its potential impact prognosis have become subjects controversy. Further investigation is warranted address these unresolved questions.

Language: Английский

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The Etiology and Management of Dental Implant Failure: A Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

As the world is embracing technology, dental technology merging with artificial intelligence. Dentists are striving to perfect art of placing implants. Implants for rehabilitation and retention facial prostheses have graduated from a phase wishful thinking one most gratifying experiences patients treating fraternity alike. restorations supported by implants good long-term survival percentage. Complications implant failure, which can still happen, seen many clinicians as significant barriers treatment. Implant therapy involves biological healing integration process despite recent advancements. These processes complex may be hampered local or systemic factors, could result in problems failure. For surgeon professional, it crucial manage who certain risk factors able address potential complications The aim this article discuss frequent failure its management help restoring less painfully vicariously receive some valuable experience.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia induces immunosuppression, metastasis and drug resistance in pancreatic cancers

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 571, P. 216345 - 216345

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 21, 2023

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway (also Serotonin pathway), Microbial pathway. Of these, Trp metabolic pathways in gut have recently been extensively studied for their production of bioactive molecules. The microbiota plays important role host metabolism immunity, microbial metabolites influence development progression various diseases, inflammatory, cardiovascular neurological cancer, by mediating body’s immunity. This review briefly outlines crosstalk between microorganisms body, starting from three Trp. mechanisms which act on organism immunity are summarized, potential implications disease prevention treatment highlighted.

Language: Английский

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The Interplay between Immune and Metabolic Pathways in Kidney Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1584 - 1584

Published: June 8, 2023

Kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of the global population. encompasses diverse group disorders that vary in their underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes. These include acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic (CKD), glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, polycystic disease, diabetic many others. Despite distinct etiologies, these share common feature immune system dysregulation metabolic disturbances. The pathways are intimately connected interact to modulate pathogenesis diseases. responses diseases includes complex interplay between various cell types, including resident infiltrating cells, cytokines, chemokines, complement factors. factors can trigger perpetuate inflammation, causing renal tissue progressive fibrosis. In addition, play critical roles diseases, glucose lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing. Dysregulation contributes progression by inducing tubular injury, apoptosis, Recent studies have provided insights into intricate revealing novel therapeutic targets for prevention treatment Potential strategies modulating through targeting key or inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, improving function, nutrient-sensing such as mTOR, AMPK, SIRT1. This review highlights importance potential implications pathways.

Language: Английский

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