Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 14, 2022

Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation ATs characterized by macrophage infiltration the activation inflammatory pathways mediated NF-κB, JNK, NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines myokines - proteins secreted from AT, liver skeletal muscle play regulatory roles AT via endocrine, paracrine, autocrine pathways. For example, associated with elevated levels pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, SAA) reduced anti-inflammatory adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, IL-10. Moreover, some (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, MANF) (irisin, IL-6, DEL-1) also pro- or inflammation. This review aims provide an updated understanding these organokines their role related abnormalities. It serves highlight molecular mechanisms underlying effects clinical significance. Insights into could novel potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced

Language: Английский

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Relevance of body composition in phenotyping the obesities

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 809 - 823

Published: March 17, 2023

Obesity is the most extended metabolic alteration worldwide increasing risk for development of cardiometabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Body mass index (BMI) remains frequently used tool classifying patients with obesity, but it does not accurately reflect body adiposity. In this document we review classical new classification systems phenotyping obesities. Greater accuracy accessibility to composition techniques at same time increased knowledge use factors leading a more refined obesity. It incorporate these advances into routine clinical practice better diagnose overweight optimize treatment living

Language: Английский

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Change in Adipokines and Gastrointestinal Hormones After Bariatric Surgery: a Meta-analysis

Obesity Surgery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 789 - 806

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Dark Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Supplementation Reduced Blood Pressure and Pro-Inflammatory Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) in Obese Adults without Affecting Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels and Liver Enzymes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 681 - 681

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, liver health biomarkers obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30–40 kg/m2) consumed 200 mL of drink (juice supplemented powder) (n 19) or a placebo 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric physiological were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory assessed D1, D15, D30, blood lipids, glucose, enzymes D1 D30. consumption lowered systolic pressure (SBP) (p 0.05) decreased diastolic (DBP) compared to 0.04). Stratification participants by BMI revealed greater 0.008) SBP reduction > 35 participants. pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) 0.001), which correlated changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA changes the group, as well triglycerides (TG) DBP. increased IL-10 levels group suggested compensatory mechanism counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences detected enzymes. In conclusion, helped inflammation

Language: Английский

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Proteomics and cytokine analyses distinguish myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome cases from controls

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 13, 2023

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by unexplained persistent and other features including cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, immune system dysfunction. Cytokines are present in plasma encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs), but there have been only few reports of EV characteristics cargo ME/CFS. Several small studies previously described proteins or protein pathways that associated with

Language: Английский

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Cardiometabolic risk stratification using a novel obesity phenotyping system based on body adiposity and waist circumference

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 54 - 60

Published: March 6, 2024

BackgroundThe estimation of obesity-associated cardiometabolic risk does not usually take into account body composition or the distribution adiposity. The aim present study was to assess clinical usefulness a novel obesity phenotyping system based on combination actual fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) according estimation.MethodsA classification matrix combining BF% WC as measures both amount adiposity establishing nine phenotypes (3 x 3 WC) developed. Individuals were grouped in five different phenotypes. We conducted validation large cohort White subjects from genders representing wide range ages (n = 12,754; 65 % females, aged 18–88 years).ResultsThe groups using exhibited robust linear regarding risk, estimated by Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score, showing continuous increase between with significant differences (P < 0.001) among them, well other factors. An additional 24 patients at very high detected new proposed compared an equivalent BMI instead WC.ConclusionsA more detailed should be priority diagnosis management obesity. Our allows gradually estimate WC, thus useful tool for research practice.

Language: Английский

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The causal associations of inflammatory cytokines with obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization study

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Objective Previous studies have partly discussed the roles of inflammatory cytokines in obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but causal relationship among cytokines, obesity, SLE is unclear. It challenging to comprehensively evaluate between these variables. This study aimed investigate role as intermediates SLE. Methods The inverse‐variance weighted method (IVW) mendelian randomization (MR) mainly used explore exposure outcome by using genetic variation open large genome‐wide association (GWAS), namely single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related (more than 600 000 participants), (8293 healthy participants) (7219 cases). such median, MR‐Egger are reliability causality. Reverse analysis performed for each MR avoid reverse Cochran's Q statistic funnel chart detect heterogeneity, intercept test leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses evaluated pleiotropy. Results Obesity was associated with 25 3 were SLE, including CTACK (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.33, p .002), IL‐18 1.13, 1.01, 1.26, .027), SCGFb 0.89, 0.79, 0.99, .044). In opposite direction, 18 2 IP‐10 ( β IVW −.03, −0.05, −0.01, MIP‐1B .004). Conclusion Our suggested that CTACK, may play an intermediary while obesity.

Language: Английский

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Pathological mechanism of immune disorders in diabetic kidney disease and intervention strategies

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1111 - 1121

Published: June 11, 2024

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most severe chronic microvascular complications diabetes and a primary cause end-stage renal disease. Clinical studies have shown that inflammation key factor determining damage during diabetes. With development immunological technology, many diabetic nephropathy an immune complex disease, patients dysfunction. However, response associated with autoimmune or caused by ischemia infection acute injury, different, has com-plicated pathological mechanism. In this review, we discuss pathogenesis in disorders intervention mechanism, to provide guidance advice for early treatment nephropathy.

Language: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 862 - 862

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Cytokine atlas of the population-based cohort SHIP-TREND-0 – Associations with age, sex, and BMI

Cytokine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 156896 - 156896

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The characterization of physiological immune signatures in a population-based cohort is prerequisite for identifying pathological associated with inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Here, 47 plasma cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were quantified bead-based multiplex-assay (Merck HCYTA-60 K) using FLEXMAP 3D™ instrument 1175 individuals the Study Health Pomerania (SHIP; TREND cohort, 532 men 643 women, age: 20 to 81, BMI: 17.7 53.6). Associations cytokine concentrations age, sex, BMI, season, blood cell parameters (BCP) examined by multivariate regression models. differed strongly between analytes, median ranging from 0.6 7820 pg/mL. Many levels showed large dynamic range within study population. Higher pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines IL-6, IL-8, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-12p40, CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, IL-27, FLT3LG, TNFα significantly increasing age. strongest age-associated effects seen CXCL9 (βst = 0.4, p < 0.001) CXLC10 0.3, 0.001). Significant sex differences detected CCL3, CCL22, IL-1RA, IL-18, among which CCL11 effect -0.24, lower level women compared men. Moreover, seven i.e. TNFα, displayed higher BMI. Among those, was IL-1RA 0.19, 0.001), CCL4 0.16, CXCL10 0.14, Only -0.17, decreased Subjects categorized as obese exhibited elevated while only reduced normal weight. Certain such significance after adjustment components indicating (BCPs) potential confounders. We observed no significant non-linear seasonal investigated cytokines. generated atlas provides detailed information on variations general population will provide reference base disease-related studies future. Furthermore, BCPs should be considered confounders association based levels.

Language: Английский

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