Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 109(40)

Published: Aug. 27, 2012

Recent reports show that fewer adolescents believe regular cannabis use is harmful to health. Concomitantly, are initiating at younger ages, and more using on a daily basis. The purpose of the present study was test association between persistent neuropsychological decline determine whether concentrated among adolescent-onset users. Participants were members Dunedin Study, prospective birth cohort 1,037 individuals followed from (1972/1973) age 38 y. Cannabis ascertained in interviews ages 18, 21, 26, 32, Neuropsychological testing conducted 13 y, before initiation use, again after pattern had developed. Persistent associated with broadly across domains functioning, even controlling for years education. Informants also reported noticing cognitive problems Impairment users, greater decline. Further, cessation did not fully restore functioning Findings suggestive neurotoxic effect adolescent brain highlight importance prevention policy efforts targeting adolescents.

Language: Английский

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The Endocannabinoid System and the Brain

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 21 - 47

Published: July 19, 2012

The psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was isolated the mid-1960s, but cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, major endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were identified only 20 to 25 years later. system affects both central nervous (CNS) peripheral processes. In this review, we have tried summarize research--with an emphasis on recent publications--on actions of endocannabinoid anxiety, depression, neurogenesis, reward, cognition, learning, memory. effects are at times biphasic--lower doses causing opposite those seen high doses. Recently, numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds been brain. Only a few investigated for their CNS activity, future investigations action may throw light wide spectrum brain functions.

Language: Английский

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The effect of pain on cognitive function: A review of clinical and preclinical research

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 385 - 404

Published: Jan. 8, 2011

Language: Английский

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition—A Systematic Review

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 79(7), P. 557 - 567

Published: Dec. 12, 2015

Language: Английский

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Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 300 - 315

Published: Sept. 8, 2018

Language: Английский

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What has research over the past two decades revealed about the adverse health effects of recreational cannabis use?

Addiction, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 110(1), P. 19 - 35

Published: Oct. 7, 2014

To examine changes in the evidence on adverse health effects of cannabis since 1993.A comparison 1993 with and interpretation same outcomes 2013.Research past 20 years has shown that driving while cannabis-impaired approximately doubles car crash risk around one 10 regular users develop dependence. Regular use adolescence risks early school-leaving cognitive impairment psychoses adulthood. is also associated strongly other illicit drugs. These associations persist after controlling for plausible confounding variables longitudinal studies. This suggests a contributory cause these but some researchers still argue relationships are explained by shared causes or factors. Cannabis smoking probably increases cardiovascular disease middle-aged adults its respiratory function cancer remain unclear, because most smokers have smoked smoke tobacco.The epidemiological literature shows accidents can produce dependence, there consistent between poor psychosocial mental

Language: Английский

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The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Medical Cannabis

Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 195 - 209

Published: Feb. 1, 2013

Cannabis, or marijuana, has been used for medicinal purposes many years. Several types of cannabinoid medicines are available in the U nited S tates and C anada. Dronabinol (schedule III ), nabilone II nabiximols (not U.S. Food Drug Administration approved) cannabis‐derived pharmaceuticals. Medical cannabis medical a leafy plant cultivated production its leaves flowering tops, is schedule I drug, but patients obtain it through dispensaries statewide programs. The effect that compounds have on receptors ( CB 1 2 ) found brain can create varying pharmacologic responses based formulation patient characteristics. Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol determined to primary psychoactive effects; effects several other key yet be fully elucidated. indicated treatment nausea vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy anorexia weight loss acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, pain muscle spasms most common reasons being recommended. Studies show significant improvement various spasticity. Reported adverse typically not serious, dizziness. Safety concerns regarding include increased risk developing schizophrenia adolescent use, impairments memory cognition, accidental pediatric ingestions, lack safety packaging formulations. This article will describe pharmacology cannabis, dosage formulations, therapeutics benefits risks spasm, use.

Language: Английский

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Structural and Functional Imaging Studies in Chronic Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review of Adolescent and Adult Findings

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e55821 - e55821

Published: Feb. 4, 2013

The growing concern about cannabis use, the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide, has led to a significant increase in number of human studies using neuroimaging techniques determine effect on brain structure and function. We conducted systematic review assess evidence impact chronic use function adults adolescents.Papers published until August 2012 were included from EMBASE, Medline, PubMed LILACS databases following comprehensive search strategy pre-determined set criteria for article selection. Only involving users with matched control group considered.One hundred forty-two identified, which 43 met established criteria. Eight adolescent population. Neuroimaging provide morphological alterations both population groups, particularly medial temporal frontal cortices, as well cerebellum. These effects may be related amount exposure. Functional suggest different patterns resting global activity during performance several cognitive tasks adolescents adults, indicate compensatory response exposure.However, results pointed out methodological limitations work date considerable heterogeneity findings.Chronic alter adult Further should consider convergent methodology, prospective large samples adulthood subjects, data-sharing initiatives.

Language: Английский

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What are the specific vs. generalized effects of drugs of abuse on neuropsychological performance?

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 377 - 406

Published: May 7, 2010

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoid signalling and the deteriorating brain

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 30 - 42

Published: Dec. 19, 2014

Language: Английский

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