Effects of Human Disturbance on Terrestrial Apex Predators

Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 68 - 68

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

The effects of human disturbance spread over virtually all ecosystems and ecological communities on Earth. In this review, we focus the terrestrial apex predators. We summarize their role in nature how they respond to different sources disturbance. Apex predators control prey smaller numerically via behavioral changes avoid predation risk, which turn can affect lower trophic levels. Crucially, reducing population numbers triggering responses are also that causes predators, may influence role. Some populations continue be at brink extinction, but others partially recovering former ranges, natural recolonization through reintroductions. Carnivore recovery is both good news for conservation a challenge management, particularly when occurs human-dominated landscapes. Therefore, conclude by discussing several management considerations that, adapted local contexts, favor predator functions nature.

Language: Английский

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Leben mit Wölfen

transcript Verlag eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Die Wölfe kehren zurück nach Deutschland - und mit ihnen auch die Konflikte zwischen Mensch Wolf. Eine zentrale Rolle spielen dabei Affekte, Atmosphären, Gefühle Stimmungen, ihre Rückkehr auslöst. Über einen ethnografischen Zugriff untersucht Thorsten Gieser komplexe Verflechtung von Natur Gesellschaft im Anthropozän. Seine These: konfrontieren uns einem affektiven Rewilding stoßen damit Prozess an, als mehr-als-menschliche neu zu denken. Er zeigt Wege einer (friedlichen) Koexistenz auf, schlägt dazu ein komplexes Verständnis Wölfen affektive Akteure vor begreift somit das Wolf-Mensch-Verhältnis radikal neu.

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Land of wolves, school of shepherds: the importance of pastoral knowledge on co-existence with large carnivores

Ecosystems and People, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

The wolf (Canis lupus) is recovering and recolonizing its historic range in Europe. In places where wolves have long been absent, their recent recolonization could potentially provoke extensive livestock farmers' opposition. To understand the conditions for grazing-wolf co-existence, we conducted interviews with farmers shepherds to compare three Spanish regions different presence states: uninterrupted presence, sporadic presence. Our results show importance of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) reducing conflict enabling co-existence. areas were extinct recently recolonized, loss TEK has led less both tolerance awareness benefits they provide. Conversely, uninterrupted, maintaining associated management, such as use mastiff dogs shepherd's role, favored co-existence grazing systems wolves. findings important implications EU Common Agricultural Policy by highlighting urgent need integrate close link between large carnivores. Furthermore, Nature Restoration Law reinforce these same approaches.

Language: Английский

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Managing Wolves is Managing Narratives: Views of Wolves and Nature Shape People’s Proposals for Navigating Human-Wolf Relations

Human Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 35 - 57

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The resurgence of wolf populations in Germany is causing controversies regarding their management policies. Through 41 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, we found that respondents favored the directives predicated on narratives they entertained, i.e., beliefs about wolves and nature more broadly. We identified 18 ranged from extreme “beings-focused, harmony-oriented, wolf-favoring” through “ecosystem-focused, conservation-oriented, wolf-ambivalent” to another “human-centered, dominion-oriented, wolf-critical” extreme. 24 aim allow, balance, control behavior. Narratives correlate: participants stakeholders holding beings-focused views tend propose allowing directives, those endorsing ecosystem-focused perspectives lean choose balancing inclined human-focused stances prefer controlling directives. Thus, our research allows wildlife managers understand better why people endorse or oppose specific options devise effective communication strategies by working underlying narratives.

Language: Английский

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The ecological effects of livestock guarding dogs (LGDs) on target and non-target wildlife

Journal of Vertebrate Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(3)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Livestock guarding dogs (LGDs) are used across the world to reduce livestock depredation by free-ranging predatory wildlife. In doing so, they need for lethal predator control and considered beneficial conservation. However, LGDs might be perceived as predators wildlife induce a multitude of both positive negative ecological effects. We conducted literature review evaluate effects found 56 publications reporting interacting with or affecting Featuring in 77% publications, were widely reported chase kill wildlife, leading species-specific behavioural responses. A total 80 species affected LGDs, 11 which listed Near Threatened higher on IUCN Red List. Of species, 78% non-target suggesting that any benefits arising from use likely occur simultaneously unintended frequency LGD-wildlife interactions magnitude resulting have rarely been quantified. Therefore, more empirical studies needed determine net outcome LGD use, thereby ensuring outcomes minimised, while benefiting farmers

Language: Английский

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Not afraid of the big bad wolf: calls from large predators do not silence mesopredators

Wildlife Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(6)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Large predators are known to shape the behavior and ecology of sympatric via conflict competition, with mesopredators thought avoid large predators, while dogs suppress predator activity act as guardians human property. However, interspecific communication between has not been well‐explored this assumption avoidance may oversimplify responses species involved. We explored acoustic three closely related canids: wolves Canis lupus , coyotes latrans familiaris . These have an unbalanced triangle risk: coyotes, mesopredators, at risk from both apex‐predator human‐associated dogs, fear apex or challenge them intruders into human‐allied spaces. predicted that perception would dictate vocal response silencing well wolves. Dogs, in their protective role guarding property, respond both. Eleven passive monitoring devices were deployed across 13 nights central Wisconsin, we measured each naturally occurring heterospecific vocalizations. Against our expectation, did occur. Instead, silenced by either species: when hearing wolves, responded greater than chance rates produce fewer calls rates. Similarly, above dogs. Only followed prediction Thus, instead competitors, canid vocalizations elicit suggesting existence a complex network.

Language: Английский

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Livestock guardian dogs establish a landscape of fear for wild predators: Implications for the role of guardian dogs in reducing human–wildlife conflict and supporting biodiversity conservation

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are increasingly used to protect livestock from predators, but their effects on the distribution and behaviour of wild predators mostly unknown. A key question is whether LGDs exclude grazing land, or if continue use areas with modify in ways that reduce impacts livestock. We studied (Maremma sheepdogs) red foxes Vulpes vulpes north‐eastern Victoria, Australia. mapped activity across study using GPS tracking measured fox remote cameras. also risk‐sensitive foraging test they reduced feeding time at sites regularly by LGDs. Foxes occurred throughout occupied LGDs, probability detection was negatively related LGD presence. extracted fewer food items experimental stations proportion intensity local This indicates that, though overlapped responded risk encountering allocating less foraging. While do not necessarily for production, can have strong predator behaviour. Reduction allocated could lead suppression hunting therefore a reduction attacks The flexible response should facilitate coexistence farming, allowing while still preventing those Our results strengthen case conservation threatened conflict farming. Suppression mean prey species experience rates predation farmland effect be valuable prey.

Language: Английский

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A wolf in sheep’s clothing: The development of livestock guarding dogs in the Adriatic region of Croatia

Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42, P. 103380 - 103380

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Interference competition driven by co‐occurrence with tigers Panthera tigris may increase livestock predation by leopards Panthera pardus: a first step meta‐analysis

Mammal Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 271 - 286

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Abstract In coexisting carnivorans (Carnivora) relying on the same food resources, dominant species imposes a cost inferior competitor by limiting its foraging ability. Tigers Panthera tigris and leopards pardus live in sympatry most Asian countries and, because of their similar trophic niche, ‘interference competition’ may exist between these two predators. fact, since tigers generally occupy prime habitats, could be forced to roam into peripheral areas that are heavily used humans avoid competition, consequently increasing risk human‐leopard conflicts. Using information collected from reviewed scientific literature, purposes this work were: 1) assess if livestock predation increases coexistence with tigers, 2) characterise leopard attacks discern main factors involved conflict. Our findings showed leopard's ‘overall’ rate (i.e. individuals taken/year) was higher absence than presence, observed for ‘sheep goat’ rate. These results confirm tendency take especially, smaller prey. Conversely, ‘cattle’ ‘other’ rates were presence absence, suggesting existence sort spatial segregation predators certain contexts. Lower levels farms which more prevention measures used, those only one measure implemented. We stress importance using proper mitigate However, implementation not easy or economically feasible, financial support given carnivoran‐policy makers assumes remarkable minimise economic impact local families turn, foster shared landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Impact of livestock guardian dogs on livestock predation in rural Mongolia

Conservation Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(10)

Published: July 28, 2021

Abstract Much like subsistence farmers the world over, Mongolian herders depend directly on their herds for food, materials, and income. Consequently, any loss of livestock through predation from wild carnivores (including wolves, foxes, snow leopards, birds prey) is a major challenge. With lack non‐lethal mitigation methods currently available to them, in Mongolia frequently manage conflict with predators retaliatory hunting, negatively impacting populations predators. Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are an increasingly popular means worldwide discouraging predation. However, empirical evaluations efficacy using LGDs contemporary landscapes rare throughout Asia. Evaluating these human–wildlife prevention strategies especially important areas used produce globally traded commodities, such as cashmere case Mongolia. We implemented longitudinal structured interview‐based surveys evaluate use effectiveness strategy semi‐nomadic three locations across Sixteen Nomgon, Ömnögovi, Undur‐Ulaan, Arkhangai, Khustain Nuruu National Park area, Gorkhi Terelj area were surveyed between 2015 2019, process receiving training LGDs. Our analysis suggested experienced significant reduction annual losses after (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Z = −3.329, p .001, n 16), including when accounting background rates. we consider likely be viable method protection alongside conservation Mongolia, potentially elsewhere finish by exploring considerations should this approach more intensively country beyond.

Language: Английский

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