Spreading of the High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus of Clade 2.3.4.4b into Uruguay

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1906 - 1906

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Avian influenza viruses (genus

Language: Английский

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Synchrony of Bird Migration with Global Dispersal of Avian Influenza Reveals Exposed Bird Orders

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A H5, particularly clade 2.3.4.4, has caused worldwide outbreaks in domestic poultry, occasional spillover to humans, and increasing deaths of diverse species wild birds since 2014. Wild bird migration is currently acknowledged as an important ecological process contributing the global dispersal HPAIV H5. However, this mechanism not been quantified using movement data from different species, timing location exposure unclear. We sought explore these questions through phylodynamic analyses based on empirical tracking genome sequences 2.3.4.4 2.3.2.1. First, we demonstrate that seasonal can explain salient features 2.3.4.4. Second, detect synchrony between seasonality annual cycle phases lineage movements. reveal differing exposed orders at geographical origins destinations H5 movements, including relatively under-discussed orders. Our study provides a framework links ecology genomic epidemiology influenza; it highlights importance integrating behavior life history studies.

Language: Английский

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Limited transmission of avian influenza viruses, avulaviruses, coronaviruses and Chlamydia sp. at the interface between wild birds and a free-range duck farm

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Europe have raised questions regarding the epidemiological role commensal wild birds on free-range poultry farms. This study aimed to assess prevalence viruses (AIV), avulaviruses, coronaviruses and Chlamydia sp. a duck farm southwestern France evaluate possible transmission events at wild‒domestic interface. From 2019 through 2021, longitudinal was conducted birds, domestic ducks their shared environment Commensal were captured sampled for blood swabs, fresh feces from cattle egrets visiting collected. In parallel, sampled, environmental samples The presence four pathogens tested by q(RT-)PCR, immunity AIV Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ELISA. Wild found shed only, with low (< 3%). seroprevalence rates less than 10% 4.5% NDV. No significant temporal trend identified. Ducks frequently test simultaneously positive same (19 44% flocks), mostly during fall‒winter. addition unrelated patterns, identification seemed that ducks. These results suggest transmissibility our interface highlight limited contribution comparison global microbiological pressure environment.

Language: Английский

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Detection of New H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Winter 2021–2022 in the Far East, Which Are Genetically Close to Those in Europe

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2168 - 2168

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Many high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) cases in wild birds due to H5N1 HPAI virus (HPAIV) infection were reported northern Japan the winter of 2021–2022. To investigate epidemiology HPAIVs brought from surrounding areas, a genetic analysis H5 isolated was performed, and HPAIV chickens assessed by experimental infection. Based on hemagglutinin gene, pathogenic viruses detected as well one Sakhalin, eastern part Russia, classified into same subgroup prevalent Europe season but distinct those circulating Asia 2020–2021. High identities all eight segment sequences A/crow/Hokkaido/0103B065/2022 (H5N1) (Crow/Hok), representative isolates 2022, European could also certify unlikeliness causing gene reassortment between locally Asia. According intranasal challenge results six-week-old chickens, 50% chicken-lethal dose Crow/Hok calculated 104.5 times egg-infectious dose. These demonstrated that currently spread widely certain origins throughout Eurasian continent, including Far East, implied possibility contagious are gathered lakes territory via bird migration. Active monitoring at global level is essential estimate geographical source dynamics HPAIVs.

Language: Английский

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Different Infectivity and Transmissibility of H5N8 and H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chickens in Japan in the 2021/2022 Season

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 265 - 265

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

H5N8 and H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) caused outbreaks in poultry farms Japan from November 2021 to May 2022. Hemagglutinin genes of these belong clade 2.3.4.4B can be divided phylogenetically into the following groups: 20A, 20E, 21E. In this study, we compared infectivity transmissibility HPAIVs three groups chickens. Representative strains 21E are A/chicken/Akita/7C/2021(H5N8)(Akita7C), A/chicken/Kagoshima/21A6T/2021(H5N1)(Kagoshima6T), A/chicken/Iwate/21A7T/2022(H5N1)(Iwate7T), respectively. Fifty percent lethal dose Akita7C chickens (103.83 fifty egg infectious (EID50)) was up seven times lower than those Kagoshima6T Iwate7T (104.50 104.68 EID50, respectively). Mean death for Akita7C- Kagoshima6T-infected (3.45 3.30 days, respectively) were at least a day longer that (2.20 days). Viral titers trachea cloaca Iwate7T-infected chicken highest detected. The transmission rate strain (100%) markedly higher two (<50%). These data suggest (H5N8) viruses, providing fundamental information needed formulating effective prevention control strategies HPAI outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals in the United States in 2022

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2023

Abstract This article describes the first detections of disease due to natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIv) H5N1 Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in wild terrestrial mammals throughout United States during 2021-2022. Affected mammalian species include 50 red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), 6 striped skunks Mephitis mephitis 4 raccoons Procyon lotor 2 bobcats Lynx rufus Virginia opossums Didelphis virginiana 1 coyote Canis latrans fisher Pekania pennanti and gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus ). Infected primarily exhibited neurological signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, myocardial necrosis were most common lesions; however, variations lesion distribution observed. Genotype analysis sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections birds.

Language: Английский

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Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in 2 Free-Ranging Black Bears (Ursus americanus), Quebec, Canada

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(10)

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Wholly Eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus was isolated from 2 free-ranging black bears with meningoencephalitis in Quebec, Canada. We found that isolates both animals had the D701N mutation polymerase basic gene, previously known to promote adaptation of viruses mammal hosts.

Language: Английский

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High activity levels of avian influenza upwards 2018–2022: A global epidemiological overview of fowl and human infections

One Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100511 - 100511

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Due to growing activities of avian influenza, more attention should be paid influenza virus infections. Global summaries or national reports lack data on epidemiological patterns influenza. A descriptive analysis outbreaks from 2018 2022 was conducted, particularly fowl infections, human and sequence alterations. The number infection in the first half highest level five-year period. Countries regions could reliably classified into three clusters according activity scores, with 60.0% countries C1 Europe. Additionally, two host were noted, led by Taiwan (China) region Germany. Human infections also increased, 88.1% cases being China an increasing risk northern China. Sequences that furin cleavage motif present spread Asia Europe North America over Continuous changes global highlight need for sustained surveillance, including strengthening monitoring capacity vulnerable population dynamically detecting new genetic variations under One Health framework.

Language: Английский

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Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating world. Ecological patterns once thought stable changing, bringing new populations organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts reservoirs numerous zoonotic pathogens, strains HPAI other pathogens been introduced regions via migrating transboundary trade wild birds. With these expanding environmental it even more crucial or counties previously did not surveillance programs develop appropriate skills sample add understanding in migratory breeding through research. For example, little known about bird infectious diseases migration along Mediterranean Black Sea Flyway (MBSF), which connects Europe, Asia, Africa. Focusing on influenza microbiome MBSF, this project seeks understand determinants propagation coinfection connected by flyway. Through creation a threat reduction network (Avian Zoonotic Disease Network, AZDN) three countries MBSF (Georgia, Ukraine, Jordan), strengthening capacities diagnostics; microbiomes; ecoimmunology; field biosafety; proper wildlife capture handling; experimental design; statistical analysis; vector sampling biology. Here, we cover what required build research program, includes learning biosafety biosecurity; permits; next generation sequencing; leading-edge bioinformatics analyses; sampling. Creating networks pathogen will increase coordination strengthen biosurveillance globally

Language: Английский

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals

Published: April 17, 2024

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are highly contagious respiratory of birds, lead-ing to significant morbidity and mortality globally causing substantial economic losses the poultry industry. Since their first isolation in 2013, Asian-origin H5N1 pathogenic avian (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b have undergone unprecedented evolution re-assortment internal gene segments spread Asia, Europe, Africa, America, caus-ing outbreaks all categories. Novel epidemiological pathobiological character-istics, distinct from other clades, specific viruses. Wild waterfowl, natu-ral reservoir AIVs, frequently found infected with viruses, which can also cause high these birds. The sustained virus circulation waterfowl has led infection wild bird species, implications for conservation endangered species. Furthermore, been isolated var-ious domestic mammals worldwide, critical mutations related adaptation mammalian species identified, raising concerns about spillover humans. main clinical signs, anatomopathological findings associated birds non-human hereby summarized.

Language: Английский

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