The glymphatic system and multiple sclerosis: An evolving connection

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 105456 - 105456

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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The ageing central nervous system in multiple sclerosis: the imaging perspective

Brain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 147(11), P. 3665 - 3680

Published: July 22, 2024

Abstract The interaction between ageing and multiple sclerosis is complex carries significant implications for patient care. Managing effectively requires an understanding of how impact brain structure function. Ageing inherently induces changes, including reduced plasticity, diminished grey matter volume, ischaemic lesion accumulation. When combined with pathology, these age-related alterations may worsen clinical disability. also influence the response patients to therapies and/or their side effects, highlighting importance adjusted treatment considerations. MRI highly sensitive age- sclerosis-related processes. Accordingly, can provide insights into relationship sclerosis, enabling a better pathophysiological interplay informing selection. This review summarizes current knowledge on immunopathological aspects in CNS context sclerosis. Starting from immunosenescence, ageing-related pathological mechanisms specific features like enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces, this then explores aspects, late-onset age diagnostic criteria, comorbidity effects imaging features. role neurodegeneration, iron dynamics myelin changes influenced by contribute defining patients, are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the feasibility of a new approach to measure the full spectrum of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics within the human brain using MRI: insights from a simulation study

Interface Focus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 4, 2025

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are essential in the waste clearance of brain. Disruptions CSF flow linked to various neurological conditions, highlighting need for accurate measurement its dynamics. Current methods typically capture high-speed movements or focus on a single-frequency component, presenting challenges comprehensive analysis. This study proposes novel approach using displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MRI assess full spectrum motion within Through simulations, we evaluated feasibility disentangling distinct components, including heartbeat- and respiration-driven flows, as well net velocity component due continuous turnover, tested performance our method under incorrect assumptions about underlying model motion. Results demonstrate that DENSE can accurately separate these reliably estimate velocity, even when periodic physiological motions vary over time. The proved be robust low-frequency nature missing components model. offers technique quantifying dynamics, advancing understanding relative role drivers brain clearance.

Language: Английский

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Imaging for central nervous system (CNS) interstitial fluidopathy: disorders with impaired interstitial fluid dynamics

Japanese Journal of Radiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: July 11, 2020

Abstract After the introduction of glymphatic system hypothesis, an increasing number studies on cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial dynamics within brain have been investigated reported. A series diseases are known which develop due to abnormality including Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic injury, stroke, or other disorders. These disorders share characteristics dysfunction mechanisms related dynamics. In this review article, we propose “Central Nervous System (CNS) Interstitial Fluidopathy” as a new concept encompassing whose pathologies majorly associated with abnormal Categorizing these “CNS fluidopathies,” will promote understanding their development potential imaging methods for evaluation disease well clinical treatment prevention. words, having viewpoint appears relevant CNS disorders, it would be possible novel common medications fluidopathies.”

Language: Английский

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Increased serum peripheral C-reactive protein is associated with reduced brain barriers permeability of TSPO radioligands in healthy volunteers and depressed patients: implications for inflammation and depression

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 487 - 497

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Language: Английский

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Positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis — straight to the target

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 663 - 675

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Zebrafish and Medaka: Important Animal Models for Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(19), P. 10766 - 10766

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Animal models of human neurodegenerative disease have been investigated for several decades. In recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) become popular in pathogenic therapeutic studies about diseases due to their small size, the optical clarity embryos, fast development, suitability large-scale screening. Following emergence a new generation molecular biological technologies such as reverse forward genetics, morpholino, transgenesis, gene knockout, many models, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, were constructed medaka. These proved that genes are functionally conserved relation homologues, so they exhibit similar phenotypes beings. Therefore, fish suitable model investigation pathologic mechanisms screening drugs potential therapy. this review, we summarize modelling years.

Language: Английский

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Perivascular Space Abnormalities in Neuromyelitis Optica

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 173 - 183

Published: May 21, 2022

Astrocytes outline the perivascular space (PVS) and regulate fluid exchange through aquaporin-4 water channel. As neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune astrocytopathy targeting aquaporin-4, we hypothesized that it could be associatied with PVS abnormalities.A total of 34 patients, 46 age- sex-matched healthy controls from two independent cohorts (exploratory validation dataset) underwent a standardized 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging protocol including conventional diffusion tensor imaging. Susceptibility-weighted was also acquired in exploratory dataset. We evaluated macroscopic microstructural abnormalities terms enlargement diffusivity (DTI-ALPS index). In exploration dataset, susceptibility-weighted sequence used to draw regions interest for DTI-ALPS index calculation areas having veins perpendicular lateral ventricles. Between-group comparisons, correlations, regression models were run assess associations between abnormalities, clinical variables.Patients had higher frequency severe centrum semiovale (29.4% vs 8.7%), which correlated brain atrophy, deep grey matter poorer cognitive performance (r-values range: -0.44, -0.36; p values: 0.01-0.046). both datasets, patients reduced compared (p values 0.004-0.038). Lower index, gray volume, cortical volume discriminate (R2 = 0.62), whereas lower number myelitis, T2-lesion associated worse disability 0.55).Patients spectrum disorder are characterized by abnormal impaired along PVS, whose implications suggest direct correlation disease pathogenesis severity. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:173-183.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: A review of human neuroimaging contributions to CSF physiology and neurodegenerative disease

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 105776 - 105776

Published: May 25, 2022

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), predominantly produced in the ventricles and circulating throughout brain spinal cord, is a key protective mechanism of central nervous system (CNS). Physical cushioning, nutrient delivery, metabolic waste, including protein clearance, are functions CSF humans. volume flow dynamics regulate intracranial pressure fundamental to diagnosing disorders normal hydrocephalus, hypotension, leaks, possibly Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability clear pathological proteins, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, alpha synuclein others, implicates it production, circulation, composition, many neuropathologies. Several neuroimaging modalities have been developed probe better relate anatomy clinical conditions. Approaches include 2-photon microscopic techniques, MRI (tracer-based, gadolinium contrast, endogenous phase-contrast), dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) using existing approved radiotracers. Here, we discuss neuroimaging, from animal models recent clinical-research advances, summarizing current endeavors quantify map with implications towards pathophysiology, new biomarkers, treatments neurological diseases.

Language: Английский

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Research Evidence of the Role of the Glymphatic System and Its Potential Pharmacological Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(23), P. 6964 - 6964

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

The glymphatic system is a unique pathway that utilises end-feet Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels within perivascular astrocytes, which believed to cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflow into space (PVS), providing nutrients and waste disposal of the brain parenchyma. It theorised bulk flow CSF PVS removes products, soluble proteins, products metabolic activity, such as amyloid-β (Aβ). In experimental model, selectively active during slow-wave sleep, its activity affected by both sleep dysfunction deprivation. Dysfunction has been proposed potential key driver neurodegeneration. This hypothesis indirectly supported close relationship between neurodegenerative diseases alterations, frequently occurring years before clinical diagnosis. Therefore, detailed characterisation function in human physiology disease would shed light on early stage pathophysiology. study also critical identifying means for pharmacological modulation, may have modification. review will critically outline primary evidence from literature about neurodegeneration discuss rationale current knowledge modulation animal model applications trials.

Language: Английский

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