Neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID: A comprehensive review

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(2), P. 84 - 93

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Although some patients have persistent symptoms or develop new following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID are not well known. This review summarizes and provides an update on the dimensions COVID. Its manifestations commonly include fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder. There no specific tests for COVID, but characteristic findings such as hypometabolism positron emission tomography been reported. The possible mechanisms inflammation, ischemic effects, direct viral invasion, social environmental changes. Some patient characteristics severity complications acute COVID-19 infection may be associated with increased risk symptoms. Long resolve spontaneously persist, depending type established treatments lacking, various psychological pharmacological attempted. Vaccination against plays a key role in prevention disease. With differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron variant, likely to change future. Further studies clarifying effective warranted.

Language: Английский

---

Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Language: Английский

---

Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction: current status and research recommendations for high risk population

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 100836 - 100836

Published: July 5, 2023

Summary

Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction (PCCD) is a condition in which patients with history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, usually three months from the onset, exhibit subsequent impairment various domains, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. While our knowledge risk factors management strategy PCCD still incomplete, it necessary to integrate current epidemiology, diagnosis treatment evidence, form consensus criteria better understand this disease improve management. Identifying vulnerable population providing reliable strategies for effective prevention urgently needed. In paper, we reviewed diagnostic markers, available treatments on disease, formed research recommendation framework population, under background post-COVID period.

Language: Английский

---

Time-dependent recovery of brain hypometabolism in neuro-COVID-19 patients

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 90 - 102

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Somatic symptom disorder in patients with post-COVID-19 neurological symptoms: a preliminary report from the somatic study (Somatic Symptom Disorder Triggered by COVID-19)

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(11), P. 1174 - 1180

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Objectives To assess the diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in patients with unexplained neurological symptoms occurring after SARS-CoV-2 infection, also referred to as long COVID. Design Single-centre observational study. Participants Adult experiencing long-lasting mild Of 58 consecutive our centre, 50 were included. Intervention Patients contacted for a standardised psychometric evaluation by phone, followed self-survey. Main outcome Positive SSD according criteria Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5). Results Although did not meet DSM-5 functional specifically, based on was positive 32 (64%) patients. In remaining 18 patients, considered possible given high score diagnostic scales. Physical examination normal all. Brain MRI showed unspecific minor white matter hyperintensities 8/46 Neuropsychological assessment exclusively impairment attention 14 out 15 tested discrepancy their major subjective complaint. Forty-five (90%) met Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Seventeen (32%) screened mood-anxiety disorders, 19 (38%) had history prior 27 (54%) reported past trauma. Additional self-survey highlighted post-traumatic stress 12/43 (28%), levels alexithymia traits perfectionism. Long-lasting impact rate insomnia (29/43, 67%), psychiatric follow-up (28/50, 56%) work or pay loss (25/50, 50%). Conclusion A majority COVID may require specific management. Trial registration number NCT04889313 .

Language: Английский

---

Effects of COVID-19 on cognition and brain health

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 1053 - 1067

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

COVID-19 is associated with a range of neurological, cognitive, and mental health symptoms both acutely chronically that can persist for many months after infection in people long-COVID syndrome. Investigations cognitive function neuroimaging have begun to elucidate the nature some these symptoms. They reveal that, although deficits may be related brain imaging abnormalities people, also occur absence objective or changes. Furthermore, impairment detected even asymptomatic individuals. We consider evidence regarding symptoms, deficits, neuroimaging, as well their possible underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

---

Cortical Grey matter volume depletion links to neurological sequelae in post COVID-19 “long haulers”

BMC Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with neurological sequelae even in those patients mild respiratory symptoms. Patients experiencing cognitive symptoms such as "brain fog" and other neurologic for 8 or more weeks define "long haulers". There is limited information regarding damage to grey matter (GM) structures occurring Advanced imaging techniques can quantify brain volume depletions related infection which important conventional Brain MRI often fails identify disease correlates. 3-dimensional voxel-based morphometry (3D VBM) analyzes, segments quantifies key volumes allowing comparisons between haulers" normative data drawn from healthy controls, values based on percentages of intracranial volume.This a retrospective single center study analyzed 24 consecutive infected long term Each patient underwent 3D VBM at median time 85 days following laboratory confirmation. All had relatively not requiring oxygen supplementation, hospitalization, assisted ventilation. was obtained whole forebrain parenchyma, cortical (CGM), hippocampus, thalamus.The results demonstrate statistically significant depletion CGM patients. Reduced likely influences their may impair post patient's quality life productivity.This contributes understanding effects neurocognitive function, potential producing serious personal economic consequences, ongoing challenges public health systems.

Language: Английский

---

Long COVID as a functional somatic symptom disorder caused by abnormally precise prior expectations during Bayesian perceptual processing: A new hypothesis and implications for pandemic response

SAGE Open Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review proposes a model of Long-COVID where the constellation symptoms are in fact genuinely experienced persistent physical that usually functional nature and therefore potentially reversible, is, is somatic symptom disorder. First, we describe what currently known about children adults. Second, examine reported “Long-Pandemic” effects create risk for similar to develop non-COVID-19 patients. Third, was somatization disorder before COVID-19 pandemic, suggest by analogy, may best be conceptualized as one these disorders, with predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating factors. Fourth, phenomenon mass sociogenic (functional) illness, concept nocebo effects, compatible descriptions. Fifth, current theoretical mechanism underlying Bayesian predictive coding perception. accounts moderators can make inferences functionally inaccurate explain how understand common Finally, discuss implications this framework improved public health messaging during recommendations management healthcare systems. We argue approach has induced fear population, including from constant disabling theorizing irreversible tissue damage cause Long-COVID. created self-fulfilling prophecy inducing very factors syndrome. introduce term “Pandemic-Response Syndrome” previously labeled alternative perspective aims stimulate research serve lesson learned avoid repeat performance future.

Language: Английский

---

Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Long COVID: A Mixed Method Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 473 - 473

Published: April 12, 2024

Introduction: Long COVID (LC) is a global public health crisis affecting more than 70 million people. There emerging evidence of different pathophysiological mechanisms driving the wide array symptoms in LC. Understanding relationships between and helps guiding clinical management identifying potential treatment targets. Methods: This was mixed-methods systematic review with two stages: Stage one (Review 1) included only existing reviews (meta-review) 2) all primary studies. The search strategy involved Medline, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL databases to identify studies that described statistical analysis and/or discussion plausible causal symptoms. Only control arm for comparison were included. Studies assessed quality using National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute assessment tools. Results: 19 Review 1 46 2. Overall, reporting across this second moderate poor. strong immune system dysregulation, cerebral hypoperfusion, impaired gas transfer lungs. Other weak endothelial damage hypercoagulation, mast cell activation, auto-immunity vascular receptors. Conclusions: LC complex condition multiple organs diverse presentations (or traits) underpinned by mechanisms. A ‘treatable trait’ approach may help certain groups target specific interventions. Future research must include understanding response intervention based on these mechanism-based traits.

Language: Английский

---

Persistent brain metabolic impairment in long COVID patients with persistent clinical symptoms: a nine-month follow-up [18F]FDG-PET study

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(11), P. 3215 - 3222

Published: June 12, 2024

Language: Английский

---