Age, Sex and Previous Comorbidities as Risk Factors Not Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection for Long COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(24), P. 7314 - 7314

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Identification of predictors long COVID-19 is essential for managing healthcare plans patients. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify risk factors not associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but rather potentially predictive the development COVID-19. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Web Science databases, as well medRxiv bioRxiv preprint servers were screened through 15 September 2022. Peer-reviewed studies or preprints evaluating potential pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection long-lasting symptoms included. The methodological quality was assessed using Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPSs) tool. Random-effects meta-analyses calculation odds ratio (OR) performed those where a homogenous definition used. From 1978 identified, 37 peer-reviewed one Eighteen articles evaluated age, sixteen sex, twelve medical comorbidities Overall, single reported that old age seems be (n = 18); however, did reveal an association between 3; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 1.03, p 0.17). Similarly, revealed female sex 16); which confirmed 7; 1.48, 1.17 1.86, 0.01). Finally, such pulmonary disease 4), diabetes 1), obesity 6), organ transplantation 1) also identified bias most (71%, n 27/38) moderate high. In conclusion, pooled evidence support advancing supported factor Long some previous comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Identification of Distinct Long COVID Clinical Phenotypes Through Cluster Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(4)

Published: March 7, 2022

We aimed to describe the clinical presentation of individuals presenting with prolonged recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known as long COVID.This was an analysis within a multicenter, prospective cohort study confirmed diagnosis COVID-19 and persistent symptoms >4 weeks onset acute symptoms. performed multiple correspondence (MCA) on most common self-reported hierarchical clustering results MCA identify symptom clusters.Two hundred thirty-three were included in analysis; median age 43 (interquartile range [IQR], 36-54) years, 74% women, 77.3% reported mild initial illness. revealed 3 clusters. Cluster 1 had predominantly pain higher proportion joint pain, myalgia, headache; cluster 2 preponderance cardiovascular prominent chest shortness breath, palpitations; significantly fewer than other clusters (2 [IQR, 2-3] per individual vs 6 5-7] 4 3-5] 2, respectively; P < .001). Clusters greater functional impairment, demonstrated by longer work absence, dyspnea scores, lower scores SF-36 domains general health, physical functioning, role limitation due functioning social functioning.Clusters are evident COVID patients that associated impairments may point distinct underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms disease.

Language: Английский

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Clinical patterns of somatic symptoms in patients suffering from post-acute long COVID: a systematic review

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 515 - 545

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Protective Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination on Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19: A Multicenter Study From a Large National Health Research Network

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(7)

Published: May 7, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been proven to decrease the severity of acute-phase infection; however, little is known about their effect on postacute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC).

Language: Английский

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The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 4, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with virus, a significant proportion them continue to experience issues weeks, months even years acute infection SARS-CoV-2. This persistence clinical symptoms in individuals for at least three onset or emergence new lasting more than two months, without any other explanation alternative diagnosis have named long COVID, long-haul post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic post-acute sequelae (PASC). Long COVID characterized constellation disorders that vary widely their manifestations. Further, mechanisms underlying are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. review describes predictors common related COVID's effects on central peripheral nervous system organs tissues. Furthermore, transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways risk factors such sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during phase COVID-19, vaccination, lifestyle presented. Finally, recommendations patient rehabilitation management, well therapeutical approaches discussed. Understanding complexity this disease, its across multiple organ systems overlapping pathologies possible paramount developing diagnostic tools treatments.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 15

Published: March 8, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player their pathogenesis. direct cause death critically ill patients is still far from being elucidated. Although some preliminary data suggests that lung vasculature injury loss functioning part alveolar population are crucial, precise mechanism unclear. On other hand, at least two classes medications used clinical benefits treatment seem have a major influence on ROS (reactive oxygen species) RNS nitrogen production. However, one mechanisms antiviral immune response innate immunity. Therefore, it would interest summarize regarding severe COVID-19. this review, we discuss role antioxidant based available studies. We also present viral infections humans animal models. reactive species play response, situations, they might deleterious effect, e.g., coronaviral infections. understanding redox may impact its treatment.

Language: Английский

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The role of immune activation and antigen persistence in acute and long COVID

Journal of Investigative Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 545 - 562

Published: March 6, 2023

In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the global disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although most infections cause a self-limited comparable to other upper viral pathogens, portion of individuals develop illness leading substantial morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, an estimated 10%–20% SARS-CoV-2 are followed by post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), or long COVID. Long COVID is associated with wide variety clinical manifestations including cardiopulmonary complications, persistent fatigue, neurocognitive dysfunction. Severe hyperactivation increased inflammation, which may be underlying in subset individuals. However, immunologic mechanisms driving development still under investigation. Early pandemic, our group others observed immune dysregulation persisted into convalescence after COVID-19. We subsequently cohort experiencing demonstrated SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + CD8 T-cell responses antibody affinity patients symptoms. These data suggest symptoms due chronic activation presence antigen. This review summarizes literature date detailing how these observations relate addition, we discuss recent findings support antigen evidence that this phenomenon contributes local systemic inflammation heterogeneous nature seen

Language: Английский

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Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 379 - 395

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fatigue outcomes following COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. e063969 - e063969

Published: April 1, 2023

Objectives Fatigue is a pervasive clinical symptom in coronaviruses and may continue beyond the acute phase, lasting for several months or years. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed to incorporate current evidence postinfection fatigue among survivors of SARS-CoV-2 investigate associated factors. Methods Embase, PsyINFO, Medline, CINAHL, CDSR, Open Grey, BioRxiv MedRxiv were systematically searched from January 2019 December 2021. Eligible records included all study designs English. Outcomes vitality adults with confirmed diagnosis measured at >30 days post infection. Non-confirmed cases excluded. JBI risk bias was assessed by three reviewers. Random effects model used pooled proportion 95% CIs. A mixed meta-regression 35 prospective articles calculated change overtime. Subgroup analyses explored specific group characteristics methodology. Heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q I 2 statistic. Egger’s tests publication bias. Results Database searches returned 14 262 records. Following deduplication screening, 178 identified. 147 (n=48 466 participants) meta-analyses. Pooled prevalence 41% (95% CI: 37% 45%, k=147, =98%). significantly reduced over time (−0.057, −107 −0.008, k=35, =99.3%, p=0.05). higher found studies valid scale (51%, 43% 58%, k=36, =96.2%, p=0.004). No significant difference design (p=0.272). test indicated except scales. Quality assessments 4% low bias, 78% moderate 18% high risk. Frequently reported associations female gender, age, physical functioning, breathlessness psychological distress. Conclusion revealed that experienced following their Non-modifiable factors morbidity contribute ongoing impede recovery. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020201247.

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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