International Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
1994,
Volume and Issue:
74(1-4), P. 177 - 189
Published: Jan. 1, 1994
The
occurrence
of
cognitive
deficits
in
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
has
been
recognized
since
1877
when
Charcot
first
observed
"enfeeblement
memory"
his
patients.
Recent
studies
employing
standardized
neuropsychological
tests
have
confirmed
the
high
incidence
MS
patients
particularly
those
with
a
chronic
progressive
course
disease.
Visuoperceptive
and
visuomotor
commonly
occur
are
thought
to
reflect
damage
attentional
systems
due
interruption
by
demyelinating
plaques
nerve
conduction
along
ascending
projections
from
brainstem
reticular
formation
cortex.
Impairment
synaptic
conductivity
serotoninergic
depletion
(5-HT)
may
contribute
emergence
MS.
present
communication
concerns
36
year
old
patient
whom
external
application
picoTesla
range
magnetic
fields
(MF)
resulted
rapid
improvement
symptoms
including
visuoperceptive
functions
as
demonstrated
on
various
drawing
tasks.
report
confirms
efficacy
MF
treatment
demonstrates
beneficial
effects
well.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 8638 - 8683
Published: April 22, 2013
Melatonin
modulates
a
wide
range
of
physiological
functions
with
pleiotropic
effects
on
the
immune
system.
Despite
large
number
reports
implicating
melatonin
as
an
immunomodulatory
compound,
it
still
remains
unclear
how
regulates
immunity.
While
some
authors
argue
that
is
immunostimulant,
many
studies
have
also
described
anti-inflammatory
properties.
The
data
reviewed
in
this
paper
support
idea
buffer,
acting
stimulant
under
basal
or
immunosuppressive
conditions
compound
presence
exacerbated
responses,
such
acute
inflammation.
clinical
relevance
multiple
different
conditions,
infection,
autoimmunity,
vaccination
and
immunosenescence,
reviewed.
Journal of Pineal Research,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
64(3)
Published: Dec. 29, 2017
The
Melatonin
Osteoporosis
Prevention
Study
(MOPS)
demonstrated
that
nightly
melatonin
resulted
in
a
time-dependent
decrease
equilibrium
ratios
of
serum
osteoclasts
and
osteoblasts
perimenopausal
women.
This
study
examines
mechanisms
related
to
the
using
coculture
models
(transwell
or
layered)
human
mesenchymal
stem
cell
(MSC)
peripheral
blood
monocytes
(PBMCs).
Human
MSC/PBMC
cocultures
exposed
osteogenic
(OS+)
medium
for
21
days
induced
osteoblast
differentiation
mineralization;
however,
only
layered
did
inhibit
osteoclastogenesis.
effects
were
mediated
through
MT2
receptors,
MEK1/2,
MEK5.
In
but
not
transwell
cocultures,
increased
OPG:RANKL
by
inhibiting
RANKL,
suggesting
contact
with
during
osteoblastogenesis
inhibits
RANKL
secretion.
modulated
expression
ERK1/2,
ERK5,
β1
integrin,
GLUT4,
IRβ
was
dependent
upon
type
coculture;
both
cultures,
RUNX2
decreased
PPARγ
expression,
indicating
role
metabolic
processes
control
vs
adipogenic
fates
MSCs.
Furthermore,
also
has
osteoblast-inducing
on
adipose-derived
vivo,
one-year
(15
mg/L)
given
neu
female
mice
their
drinking
water
pErk1/2,
pErk5,
Runx2,
Opg
Rankl
levels
bone
consistent
melatonin's
already
reported
bone-enhancing
effects.
Finally,
analysis
daily
logs
from
MOPS
significant
improvement
mood
perhaps
sleep
quality
women
receiving
placebo.
osteoblast-inducing,
life
suggest
is
safe
effective
loss
therapy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
19(4), P. 1212 - 1212
Published: April 16, 2018
Demyelination
in
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
cells
is
the
site
of
several
energy
metabolic
abnormalities
driven
by
dysregulation
between
opposed
interplay
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
γ
(PPARγ)
and
WNT/β-catenin
pathways.
We
focus
our
review
on
opposing
interactions
observed
demyelinating
processes
MS
canonical
pathway
PPARγ
their
reprogramming
metabolism
implications.
associated
with
chronic
inflammation,
which
itself
release
cytokines
CD4+
Th17
cells,
downregulation
expression
leading
to
upregulation
pathway.
Upregulation
signaling
induces
activation
glycolytic
enzymes
that
modify
behavior.
Then,
a
large
portion
cytosolic
pyruvate
converted
into
lactate.
This
phenomenon
called
Warburg
effect,
despite
availability
oxygen.
The
effect
shift
an
transfer
production
from
mitochondrial
oxidative
phosphorylation
aerobic
glycolysis.
Lactate
correlated
increased
inducing
dysfunction
T
axonal
neuronal
damage.
In
MS,
decreases
insulin
sensitivity
increases
neuroinflammation.
agonists
inhibit
differentiation
then
diminish
cytokines.
regulation
circadian
rhythms
stimulate
WNT
initiate
demyelination
process.
Moreover,
contributes
some
key
genes.
Thus,
interfere
directly
inhibiting
could
appear
as
promising
treatments
due
these
interactions.
BioEssays,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
38(10), P. 1016 - 1026
Published: Aug. 26, 2016
Melatonin
is
a
hormone
with
complex
roles
in
the
pathogenesis
of
autoimmune
disorders.
Over
years,
it
has
become
clear
that
melatonin
may
exacerbate
some
conditions,
whereas
alleviates
others
such
as
multiple
sclerosis.
Multiple
sclerosis
an
disorder
characterized
by
dysregulated
immune
response
directed
against
central
nervous
system.
Indeed,
balance
between
pathogenic
CD4
+
T
cells
secreting
IFN‐γ
(T
H
1)
or
IL‐17
17);
and
FoxP3
regulatory
IL‐10
type
1
(Tr1
cells)
thought
to
play
important
role
disease
activity.
Recent
evidence
suggests
ameliorates
controlling
effector
cells,
suggesting
melatonin‐triggered
signaling
pathways
are
potential
targets
for
therapeutic
intervention.
Here,
we
review
available
data
on
effects
processes
relevant
MS
discuss
its
potential.
