Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 253 - 278

Published: Aug. 8, 2016

Melatonin is uncommonly effective in reducing oxidative stress under a remarkably large number of circumstances. It achieves this action via variety means: direct detoxification reactive oxygen and nitrogen species indirectly by stimulating antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition to these well-described actions, melatonin also reportedly chelates transition metals, which are involved Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions; doing so, reduces formation devastatingly toxic hydroxyl radical resulting reduction stress. Melatonin's ubiquitous but unequal intracellular distribution, including its high concentrations mitochondria, likely aid capacity resist cellular apoptosis. There credible evidence suggest that should be classified as mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. prevent damage associated physiological debilitation well documented numerous experimental ischemia/reperfusion (hypoxia/reoxygenation) studies especially brain (stroke) heart (heart attack). Melatonin, antiradical mechanisms, toxicity noxious prescription drugs methamphetamine, drug abuse. Experimental findings indicate renders treatment-resistant cancers sensitive various therapeutic agents may useful, due multiple delaying perhaps treating age-related diseases dehumanizing conditions. has been effectively used combat stress, inflammation apoptosis restore tissue function human trials; efficacy supports more extensive use wider studies. The high-safety profile bolsters conclusion. current feeling authors that, view widely diverse beneficial functions have reported for melatonin, merely epiphenomena fundamental, yet-to-be identified basic action(s) ancient molecule.

Language: Английский

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Functions of melatonin in plants: a review

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 59(2), P. 133 - 150

Published: June 19, 2015

The number of studies on melatonin in plants has increased significantly recent years. This molecule, with a large set functions animals, also shown great potential plant physiology. review outlines the main physiology higher plants. Its role as antistress agent against abiotic stressors, such drought, salinity, low and high ambient temperatures, UV radiation toxic chemicals, is analyzed. latest data their plant-pathogen interactions are discussed. Both biotic stresses produce significant increase endogenous levels, indicating its possible effector these situations. existence circadian rhythms levels been demonstrated some species, data, although limited, suggest central this molecule day/night cycles Finally, another aspect that led to volume research involvement aspects development regulation. Although hormone still far from being fully established, processes growth, rhizogenesis, photosynthesis seems evident. multiple changes gene expression caused by point multiregulatory capable coordinating many development. last aspect, together an alleviating-stressor agent, suggests excellent prospect for crop improvement.

Language: Английский

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Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 173, P. 94 - 106

Published: Feb. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Melatonin: plant growth regulator and/or biostimulator during stress?

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 789 - 797

Published: Aug. 22, 2014

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and its relationship to plant hormones

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 121(2), P. 195 - 207

Published: Aug. 17, 2017

Plant melatonin appears to be a multi-regulatory molecule, similar those observed in animals, with many specific functions plant physiology. In recent years, the number of studies on plants has increased significantly. One most studied actions is its effect biotic and abiotic stress, such as that produced by drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, chemical pollution UV radiation, among others.

Language: Английский

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The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 103 - 120

Published: July 8, 2013

Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by pineal gland shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to humans great functional versatility. In recent years, considerable amount of experimental evidence has accumulated showing relationship between nervous, endocrine, immune systems. The molecular basis communication these systems use common chemical language. this framework, currently melatonin considered one members neuroendocrine-immunological network. A number in vivo vitro studies have documented that plays fundamental role neuroimmunomodulation. Based on information published, it clear majority present data literature relate lymphocytes; thus, they been rather thoroughly investigated, several reviews published related mechanisms action effects lymphocytes. However, few concerning cells belonging innate immunity reported. Innate provides early line defense against microbes consists cellular biochemical mechanisms. review, we focused immunity. More specifically, summarize different belong or participate immunity, such as monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast natural killer cells.

Language: Английский

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Update on melatonin receptors: IUPHAR Review 20

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 173(18), P. 2702 - 2725

Published: June 17, 2016

Melatonin receptors are seven transmembrane‐spanning proteins belonging to the GPCR superfamily. In mammals, two melatonin receptor subtypes exist ‐ MT 1 and 2 encoded by MTNR1A MTNR1B genes respectively. The current review provides an update on corresponding subcommittee of International Union Basic Clinical Pharmacology. We will highlight recent developments ligands, including radioligands, give latest phenotyping results knockout mice. status perspectives structure be summarized. physiological importance dimers biologically important type diabetes‐associated genetic variants discussed. role in physiology disease further exemplified their functions immune system CNS. Finally, antioxidant free radical scavenger properties its relation critically addressed.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and inflammation—Story of a double‐edged blade

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 65(4)

Published: Sept. 22, 2018

Melatonin is an immune modulator that displays both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Proinflammatory actions, which are well documented by many studies in isolated cells or leukocyte-derived cell lines, can be assumed to enhance the resistance against pathogens. However, they detrimental autoimmune diseases. Anti-inflammatory actions of particular medicinal interest, because observed high-grade inflammation such as sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, brain injury, also low-grade during aging neurodegenerative The mechanisms contributing effects manifold comprise various pathways secondary signaling. These include numerous antioxidant effects, downregulation inducible inhibition neuronal NO synthases, cyclooxygenase-2, high-mobility group box-1 signaling toll-like receptor-4 activation, prevention inflammasome NLRP3 NF-κB activation upregulation nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2). reflected proinflammatory cytokines. amyloid-β peptides reduced enhancing α-secretase β- γ-secretases. A role melatonin's seems associated with sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), shares known from melatonin additionally interferes mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) Notch, reduces expression lncRNA-CCL2. conclusion on a partial mediation SIRT1 supported repeatedly inhibitions sirtuin inhibitors knockdown.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin: Current Status and Future Perspectives in Plant Science

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 11, 2016

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule with pleiotropic actions in different organisms. It performs many important functions human, animals, and plants; these range from regulating circadian rhythms animals to controlling senescence plants. In this review, we summarize the available information regarding presence of melatonin plant species, along highlighting its biosynthesis mechanisms action. We also collected on effects application commercially crops improve their growth development. Additionally, have identified new aspects where may possible roles plants, for example, function improving storage life quality fruits vegetables, role vascular reconnection during grafting process nutrient uptake roots by modifying root architecture. Another potentially aspect production melatonin-rich food (cereals, fruits, vegetables) through combination conventional modern breeding approaches, increase resistance against biotic abiotic stress, leading improved crop yields, nutraceutical value produce solve security issues.

Language: Английский

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Aging, Melatonin, and the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Networks

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 1223 - 1223

Published: March 11, 2019

Aging and various age-related diseases are associated with reductions in melatonin secretion, proinflammatory changes the immune system, a deteriorating circadian sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity. In non-tumor cells, several effects of abolished by inhibiting SIRT1, indicating mediation SIRT1. Melatonin is, addition to its antioxidant roles, an stimulatory agent. However, it can act as either pro- or anti-inflammatory regulator context-dependent way. stimulate release cytokines other mediators, but also, under different conditions, suppress inflammation-promoting processes such NO release, activation cyclooxygenase-2, inflammasome NLRP3, gasdermin D, toll-like receptor-4 mTOR signaling, cytokine SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype), amyloid-β toxicity. It also activates network, which SIRT1 activation, upregulation Nrf2 downregulation NF-κB, IL-4 IL-10 involved. A perhaps crucial action may be promotion macrophage microglia polarization favor phenotype M2. addition, many factors networks subject regulation microRNAs that target mRNAs respective upregulate them targeting their inhibitor proteins.

Language: Английский

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