The prevalence of Phytophthora in British plant nurseries; high‐risk hosts and substrates and opportunities to implement best practice

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Invasive Phytophthora species infect a very broad range of herbaceous and woody hosts globally. The UK alone has experienced particularly damaging series outbreaks epidemics new, invasive affecting the nation's trees over last 30 years. link between importation spread infected nursery stock is well established across many countries worldwide. To understand better pathways in trade Britain, we applied standardized sampling method combined with refined metabarcoding detection to capture diversity at 134 British plant nurseries representing biosecurity trading practices multiple years 2016 2022. This included root water samples collected from 17 sampled seasonally 117 once as part health inspections. Based on analyses 1894 pooled samples, DNA barcodes 85 or complexes were detected, variation species' relative frequencies nurseries. We present top 20 host– associations ranked by frequency report five novel records for UK. identified surprisingly high‐risk (such Douglas fir) greatest number revealed niche preferences roots. discuss implications our findings terms pathogen abundance, hosts, information dissemination approach resulting advice aimed reducing risk.

Language: Английский

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Hidden Phytophthora diversity unveiled in tree nurseries of the Czech Republic with traditional and metabarcoding techniques

European Journal of Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 170(1), P. 131 - 156

Published: June 17, 2024

Abstract Phytophthora diversity was examined in eight forest and ornamental nurseries the Czech Republic. A leaf baiting isolation technique and, two nurseries, also Illumina DNA metabarcoding were used to reveal of soil irrigation water compare efficacy both approaches. In total, revealed occurrence 12 taxa 59.4% samples from seven (87.5%) nurseries. Additional compost carried out species recovered. Irrigation three by or direct partially decomposed floating leaves collected source, obtained. sequencing done one respectively. reads identified as 45 taxa, 15 them previously unknown Clades 6, 7, 8 9. Another 11 belonged known undescribed oomycete genera Globisporangium , Hyaloperonospora Nothophytophthora Peronospora Plasmopara . Overall, with techniques 50 detected five ( P. taxon organica, plurivora, rosacearum, syringae transitoria ) being exclusively 38 only metabarcoding. Particularly common records barcoding cinnamomi lateralis which not isolated baiting. Only techniques. It is recommended use combination determine true managed natural ecosystems presence rare taxa.

Language: Английский

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High diversity of Phytophthora species in natural ecosystems and nurseries of Portugal: Detrimental side effect of plant introductions from the age of discovery to modern globalization

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Abstract Between 2010 and 2015, an extensive survey of Phytophthora diversity was performed across Portugal. Baiting direct isolation tests obtained 48 taxa in 62 70 forest stands (89%) from 148 302 rhizosphere soil samples (49%) 25 29 tree species (86%), bark cankers Alnus lusitanica Fagus sylvatica ; 33 34 rivers streams (97%); 12 13 nurseries (92%) 54 87 root ball (61%) 16 21 (76%). The 799 isolates belonged to 28 known three recently described species; one designated two new non‐hybrid taxa; five nine hybrid taxa. majority, (71%), are introduced aliens Europe while (19%) (10%) cryptic native origin, respectively. cinnamomi the most common forests (56%) (61%). Multiple first records for Portugal partly both declines host– associations were found. Isolation rates differed considerably between declining (65%) healthy trees (10%), regardless species. widespread infestations with aggressive wide‐host range pathogens like P . , pseudocryptogea × cambivora multivora plurivora host‐specific alticola quercetorum quercina will inevitably cause their further spread wider environment, exacerbating pathogen threats ecosystems thus weakening resilience climatic extremes.

Language: Английский

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The ADnet Bayesian belief network for alder decline: Integrating empirical data and expert knowledge

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 947, P. 173619 - 173619

Published: May 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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Phytophthora inundata: A New Root Pathogen of Citrus in Europe and the Mediterranean Region

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1333 - 1333

Published: April 28, 2025

Citruses are one of the major fruit crops globally. Among Mediterranean citrus producers, Sicily (southern Italy) is renowned for its high-quality fresh production. Phytophthora diseases a serious issue production worldwide and nicotianae prevalent causal agent root rot in most growing areas globally particularly region. This study reports occurrence inundata as pathogen declining mature trees eastern association with P. nicotianae. first record on Europe The species was identified basis morphology multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, which included internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. Pathogenicity tests saplings showed less aggressive than However, co-inoculation both produced more severe symptoms inoculation single species, indicating an additive effect these two pathogens suggesting that opportunistic secondary like may have crucial role complex diseases.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome-Mediated Disease Suppression: A Promising Avenue for Phytophthora Management in Commercial Crops Using Phytochemicals Obtained from Medicinal Plants

Industrial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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Soil-borne fungal pathogens of sesame: insights into pathogenesis and control

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102726 - 102726

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Response of Alnus glutinosa to Phytophthora bark infections at ambient and elevated CO2 levels

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: April 17, 2024

Introduction Mortality of the riparian alder population caused by Phytophthora pathogens has been studied for over 20 years throughout Europe, recently gaining more importance in context evident climate change. The main objective this study was to examine pathogenicity species from “ alni complex ” present Czech Republic ( P . × and P. uniformis ) plurivora Alnus glutinosa seedlings grown at ambient elevated CO 2 concentration. Methods An underbark inoculation test performed with seeds collected two populations, one suffering severe decline other disease-free. Results results showed significant differences lesion development seedling mortality. After a 13-week experimental period, both levels high aggressiveness A. causing lesions variable sizes mortality 33.3%, 45.8% plants, respectively. In contrast, did not cause any plant, differ significantly those control plants. Physiological measurements reveal between except plants inoculated showing increased values specific physiological parameters 4 weeks post-inoculation. Net photosynthesis decreased measurement period all treatments found conducted after inoculation. Transpiration decreasing trend no levels. Chemical analyses root samples variability sugars phenolic compounds related plant's health status. Discussion This is first response different findings demonstrate weaker regardless level.

Language: Английский

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Phytophthora Species and Their Associations with Chaparral and Oak Woodland Vegetation in Southern California

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Evidence of unintended introductions Phytophthora species into native habitats has become increasingly prevalent in California. If not managed adequately, can devastating agricultural and forest plant pathogens. Additionally, California’s natural areas, characterized by a Mediterranean climate dominated chaparral (evergreen, drought-tolerant shrubs) oak woodlands, lack sufficient baseline knowledge on biology ecology, hindering effective management efforts. From 2018 to 2021, soil samples were collected from Angeles National Forest lands (Los County) with the objective better understanding diversity distribution Southern Forty sites surveyed, taken rhizospheres, riverbeds, off-road vehicle tracks woodland areas. these surveys, fourteen detected, including P. cactorum (subclade 1a), multivora 2c), sp. cadmea 7a), taxon ‘oakpath’ 8e, first reported this study), several clade-6 species, crassamura. detected rhizosphere found underneath both symptomatic asymptomatic plants most frequently associated Salvia mellifera, Quercus agrifolia, Salix present areas primarily riparian detections tracks, trails, riverbeds. Although ecosystems are among driest fire-prone United States, they harbor large indicating potential risk for disease Californian vegetation.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and Distribution of Phytophthora Species Along an Elevation Gradient in Natural and Semi-Natural Forest Ecosystems in Portugal

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 103 - 103

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Globally, forests are constantly threatened by a plethora of disturbances natural and anthropogenic origin, such as climate change, forest fires, urbanization, pollution. Besides the most common stressors, during last few years, Portuguese have been impacted severe decline phenomena caused invasive pathogens, many which belong to genus Phytophthora. The Phytophthora includes large number species that invading ecosystems worldwide, chiefly consequence global trade human activities. This paper reports results survey diversity in semi-natural Portugal along an elevation gradient. Isolations performed from 138 symptomatic plant tissues rhizosphere samples collected 26 yielded total 19 belonging 6 phylogenetic clades, including P. cinnamomi (36 isolates), multivora (20), plurivora (9), cactorum (8), lacustris pseudocryptogea amnicola (6), hedraiandra pseudosyringae (5), thermophila bilorbang (4), inundata asparagi (3), citricola gonapodyides rosacearum chlamydospora (2), pachypleura syringae (1). Overall, data obtained highlight widespread occurrence sea level mountain habitats. pathogenicity tests carried out on 2-year-old chestnut plants confirmed key role recrudescence ink disease additional risk posed pachypleura, plurivora, forests. Finally, three species, citricola, hedraiandra, reported for first time Portugal.

Language: Английский

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