Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (AY.127) from pet hamsters to humans, leading to onward human-to-human transmission: a case study

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 399(10329), P. 1070 - 1078

Published: March 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Animal models for COVID-19: advances, gaps and perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the most consequential pandemic of this century. Since outbreak in late 2019, animal models have been playing crucial roles aiding rapid development vaccines/drugs for prevention and therapy, as well understanding pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 infection immune responses hosts. However, current some deficits there an urgent need novel to evaluate virulence variants concerns (VOC), antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), various comorbidities COVID-19. This review summarizes clinical features COVID-19 different populations, characteristics major including those naturally susceptible animals, such non-human primates, Syrian hamster, ferret, minks, poultry, livestock, mouse sensitized genetically modified, AAV/adenoviral transduced, mouse-adapted strain engraftment human tissues or cells. host receptors proteases essential designing advanced modified models, successful studies on are also reviewed. Several improved alternatives future proposed, reselection alternative receptor genes multiple gene combinations, use transgenic knock-in method, strains establishing next generation mice.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Zoonoses to Pumas and Lions, South Africa

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 120 - 120

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Reverse-zoonotic infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to wildlife species internationally raise concern over the emergence new variants in animals. A better understanding transmission dynamics and pathogenesis susceptible will mitigate risk occurring Africa. Here we report infection an exotic puma (July 2020) three African lions 2021) same private zoo Johannesburg, South One Health genomic surveillance identified a Delta variant zookeeper lions, similar those circulating lion developed pneumonia while other cases had mild infection. Both remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA up 7 weeks.

Language: Английский

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An Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1527 - 1527

Published: July 13, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has lasted for two years and caused millions of infections deaths in humans. Although the origin SARS-CoV-2 infection humans remains unknown, animals been frequently reported varieties all over world. Both experimental natural different animal species provide useful information on viral host range pathogenicity. As continues to evolve, will be expanding. In this review, we summarized testing as well strains transmission animals. Current data showed that at least 18 tested positive SARS-CoV-2. These belong pet, captive, farmed, wild Fifteen eighteen were known Delta variant ten infected with types variants. Human-to-animal, animal-to-animal, animal-to-human events suggested outbreaks involved Continued testing, immunization, surveillance are warranted.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 and natural infection in animals

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide. Due to close relationship between animals and humans, confirmed transmission from humans numerous animal species been reported. Understanding cross-species SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in different crucial control COVID-19 protect health. In this review, possible origins naturally susceptible are discussed. Furthermore, review categorizes by families, so as better understand animals.

Language: Английский

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Multi‐species outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in a zoological institution, with the detection in two new families of carnivores

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 69(5)

Published: July 15, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a worldwide distribution in humans and many other mammalian species. In late September 2021, 12 animals maintained by the Chicago Zoological Society's Brookfield Zoo were observed with variable clinical signs. The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 was detected faeces nasal swabs qRT-PCR, including first detection from families Procyonidae Viverridae. Test positivity rate 12.5% for 35 tested. All had been vaccinated at least one dose recombinant vaccine designed all recovered supportive treatment. Sequence analysis showed that six zoo animal strains closely correlated 18 human strains, suggestive potential human-to-animal transmission events. This report documents expanding host range COVID-19 during ongoing pandemic.

Language: Английский

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An overview of SARS‐CoV2 natural infections in companion animals: A systematic review of the current evidence

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in companion animals. The findings show that these are relatively rare. Among the examined dogs, only 1.32% tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, while cats, rate was 1.55%. Infections rabbits and ferrets were even less common, at than 1%. These results support previous research indicating infrequency also includes updated studies involved various pets, such as ferrets, rabbits. majority analyzed primarily concerned with screening pets visited veterinary clinics, regardless whether they showed any specific signs infection. Only limited number investigated animals suspected being contact owners or other had COVID‐19 exhibiting symptoms. most common variant identified among variants reviewed B.1.1.7 (alpha), followed by B.1.617.2 (delta), B.1.526 (Iota), others. emergence raises concerns about their potential increased transmissibility virulence, highlighting importance ongoing monitoring both humans Furthermore, indicated infected either no symptoms experienced mild aligns reports suggesting generally have severe illness compared to humans. However, it is essential recognize possibility death animals, particularly those underlying health conditions. Continuous surveillance crucial better understanding virus's epidemiology developing effective strategies protect animal human health.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 as a Zooanthroponotic Infection: Spillbacks, Secondary Spillovers, and Their Importance

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2166 - 2166

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

In the midst of a persistent pandemic probable zoonotic origin, one needs to constantly evaluate interplay SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2) with animal populations. Animals can get infected from humans, and certain species, including mink white-tailed deer, exhibit considerable animal-to-animal transmission resulting in potential endemicity, mutation pressure, possible secondary spillover humans. We attempt comprehensive review available data on species by SARS-CoV-2, as presented scientific literature official reports relevant organizations. further lessons humans should learn outbreaks, deer zoo threat for conservation, implication rodents evolution novel variants such Omicron, role pets reservoirs virus. Finally, we outline need broader approach epidemics, general, incorporating principles One Health Planetary Health.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Entry Pathways, Species-Specific Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Residues Determining Entry, and Antibody Neutralization Evasion of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Variants

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(17)

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were first detected in November 2021, and several lineages (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5) have since rapidly emerged. Studies characterizing the mechanisms of variant infection sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies induced upon vaccination are ongoing by groups. In present study, we used pseudoviruses show that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) enhances BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.3 a lesser extent than ancestral D614G. We further higher inhibition soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) endosomal inhibitor chloroquine compared also more efficiently ACE2 receptors from 9 out 10 animal species tested, unlike D614G variant, mouse due Q493R Q498R spike substitutions. Finally, neutralization three doses Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was 7- 8-fold less potent These results provide insights into transmissibility immune evasion capacity emerging curb their spread. IMPORTANCE emergence with an extensive number mutations poses significant public health zoonotic concern enhanced transmission fitness escape antibodies. studied lineage BA.3) found has influence on entry cells D614G, exhibits greater addition, displays efficient usage diverse Furthermore, Q493R/Q498R substitutions spike, Omicron, but not can use receptor. elicit high titers against variants, although still lower those may give

Language: Английский

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