Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1230 - 1230

Published: May 24, 2023

West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive disease threatens the health and well-being of horses humans worldwide. Disease in is remarkably similar. The occurrence WNV these mammalian hosts has geographic overlap with shared macroscale microscale drivers risk. Importantly, intrahost dynamics, evolution antibody response, clinicopathology are goal this review to provide a comparison infection identify similarities that can be exploited enhance surveillance methods for early detection disease.

Language: Английский

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Evidence of WNV infection in migratory birds passing through Xinjiang, China, using viral genome amplicon approach

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 26, 2025

The West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne of the Flaviviridae family that transmitted through mosquito-migratory bird-mosquito cycle. Currently, WNV infection widespread in Americas, Europe, and Africa, one most important global epidemic infectious diseases. Although migratory birds play an role spread WNV, monitoring carrying remains limited. Here, we developed new nucleic acid test for detecting which uses amplicons to fecal samples from birds. This method was validated by using full-length genomic plasmid. With this amplicon method, tested bird droppings collected different locations. results indicated positive rate over 39%, provides clues fact may carry Xinjiang, China.

Language: Английский

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Next-generation sequencing survey of acute febrile illness in Senegal (2020–2022)

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 9, 2024

Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due the numerous causes non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non-

Language: Английский

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First Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Circulation Among Dogs in the Bulgarian Danube Region and Analysis of Some Risk Factors

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 373 - 373

Published: April 16, 2025

This study aimed to assess West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu seroprevalence among the dog population in Danube region, Bulgaria, confirm results of ELISA by neutralisation test (VNT), as well analyse several risk factors seropositivity dogs. To implement this, a total 201 blood samples were collected from dogs four districts bordering River. All tested for anti-WNV protein E antibodies using competitive ELISA. Neutralising against WNV all ELISA-positive samples. The show 45.3% (n = 91, CI 36.45–55.59) ELISA, whereas indicated 21.9% 44, 15.91–29.39). detected first time with prevalence 6% 12, 3.09–10.43). Compared VNT, demonstrated 100.0% sensitivity 70.1% specificity. region (p < 0.0187), district 0.0258) ages 0.0180) identified statistically significant associated seropositivity. provides indirect evidence circulation highlighting potential susceptible hosts area.

Language: Английский

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Screening of Circulation of Usutu and West Nile Viruses: A One Health Approach in Humans, Domestic Animals and Mosquitoes in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 2016 - 2016

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile (WNV) are phylogenetically closely related arboviruses. These viruses mainly follow an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes birds, but they occasionally infect humans other mammals, inducing neurotropic disorders. Since the discovery of USUV, only two human cases have been reported in Africa, including one Burkina Faso 2004. then, no studies conducted to measure extent circulation this Faso, study regarding WNV has conducted. Our aimed determine seroprevalence USUV blood donations animals (horses, dogs, chickens pigeons) perform molecular screening patients with febrile fever Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The prevalence was studied by serological (ELISA microneutralization tests) analyses (RT-qPCR) mosquito, dog, domestic bird, horse, samples between 2019 2021. We detected a very active transmission both Faso. is particularly high (19.16% 14.17%, respectively) horses (17.28% 6.17%). Molecular did not detect or mosquito tested. shows spread especially for WNV. This highlights value developing surveillance programs better prevent, detect, alert people primary incidental hosts.

Language: Английский

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Present and future situation of West Nile virus in the Afro‐Palaearctic pathogeographic system

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(10)

Published: April 12, 2024

West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally widespread arthropod‐borne that poses significant public health concern. Mosquitoes transmit the in an enzootic cycle among birds, which act as reservoirs. Climate plays crucial role these outbreaks mosquitoes are highly influenced by climatic conditions, and bird migrations also affected weather patterns. Consequently, changes climate can potentially impact occurrence of WNV outbreaks. We used biogeographic modelling based on machine learning algorithms fuzzy logic to analyse evaluate separately risk two different regions, Afrotropical Western Palaearctic region. By employing tools, we constructed comprehensive model integrates Afro‐Palaearctic system unified operational unit for spread. This innovative approach recognizes region pathogeographic system, characterized biannual connections facilitated billions migratory reservoirs carrying disease. Subsequently, forecasted effects change scenarios spread years 2040 2070. Our findings revealed increasing epidemic epizootic south Sahara. However, area where upsurge was most lies within Europe, with anticipation expansion into regions presently situated beyond virus' distribution range, including central northern Europe. Gaining insight establishing coordinated international One Health surveillance efforts. becomes particularly relevant face ongoing change, disrupts ecological equilibrium vectors, reservoirs, human populations. show application biogeographical tools assess infectious disease, i.e. pathogeography, promising understanding patterns zoonotic diseases anticipating their future

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological Analyses of the First Incursion of the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021–2022

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 362 - 362

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a non-contagious arthropod-transmitted viral and World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-listed of domestic wild ruminants since 2008. EHDV transmitted among susceptible animals by few species midges genus Culicoides. During the fall 2021, large outbreak caused epizootic virus (EHDV), identified as serotype 8, was reported in Tunisian dairy beef farms with Bluetongue (BTV)-like clinical signs. The detected later south Italy, Spain, Portugal and, more recently, France, where it severe infections cattle. This first evidence EHDV-8 circulation outside Australia 1982. In this study, we analyzed epidemiological situation 2021–2022 outbreaks Tunisia, providing detailed description spatiotemporal evolution disease. We attempted to identify eco-climatic factors associated infected areas using generalized linear models (GLMs). Our results demonstrated that environmental mostly presence C. imicola, such digital elevation model (DEM), slope, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), night-time land surface temperature (NLST)) were far most explanatory variables EHD repartition cases Tunisia may have consequences neighboring countries, both Africa Europe through spread vectors. risk maps elaborated could be useful control prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Viral Encephalitides in West Africa

Infectious Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 504 - 517

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, often caused by autoimmune reaction, or in most cases because a direct viral, bacterial, parasitic infection. Viral encephalitides (VE) presents significant public health concern globally, especially West Africa. There are more than five hundred known arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), with over them identified to cause encephalitic diseases humans and animals, giving rise tremendous burden socioeconomic strains tropical subtropical regions worldwide. Despite their importance, few effective preventive control measures form vaccines therapies available, when they are, use limited. These limitations largely hinged on paucity information about molecular epidemiology transmission patterns VE Here, we reviewed dynamics, epidemiology, ecological drivers Collectively, timely accurate interventions essential for viral disease control. Moreover, integrated system approach, combining surveillance, vaccination, vector control, community engagement, could be preventing encephalitis globally.

Language: Английский

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Fuzzy model for quantitative assessment of the epidemic risk of African Swine Fever within Australia

Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 105884 - 105884

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Arbovirus surveillance in febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Rwanda

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses cause emerging diseases that affect the livelihoods of people around world. They are linked to disease outbreaks resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. In sub-Saharan Africa, numerous arbovirus have been documented, but circulation magnitude illness caused by these during inter-epidemic periods remains unknown many regions. Rwanda, there is limited knowledge on presence distribution arboviruses. This study aimed at determining occurrence selected arboviruses, i.e., chikungunya virus (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV), dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), Zika (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever (RVFV) Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic (CCHFV), among febrile patients visiting health centres Rwanda. A total 2294 dry blood spots (DBS) were collected filter papers August 2019 – December 2020. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed samples pools ten, using both quantitative (DENV, ZIKV, RVFV) conventional PCR (CHIKV, ONNV, WNV, CCHFV) with specific primers, followed sequencing. Demographic data clinical manifestations analysed. ONNV infection detected 12 230 (5.2%) ZIKV three (1.3%). The other arboviruses not detected. All cases found Rwaniro centre, while Kirinda Zaza centres. There temporal variability infections most being recorded long season, occurred wet seasons. Patients older more females. conclusion, acute can explain some feverish

Language: Английский

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