Stacked Deep Dense Neural Network Model to Predict Alzheimer’s Dementia Using Audio Transcript Data

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 32750 - 32765

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by cortical degeneration leading to memory loss and dementia. A possible criterion for the early identification of dementia identify difference between positive negative linguistic cognitive abilities patients. This study involves use Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), designed a hybrid model with CNN & Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (Bidirectional LSTM), proposed Stacked Deep Dense (SDDNN) text classification prediction These models were trained end-to-end using DementiaBank clinical transcript dataset. The transcripts consisted recorded interviews patients experts. investigated under two settings: Randomly initialized Glove embedding. Further, hyperparameter optimization was accomplished GridSearch, which yielded optimal parameters design suitable learning most accurate predictions. Other computed compared based on AUC, accuracy, specificity, precision, F1 score, recall. To ensure performance generalization, accuracy tested 10-fold cross-validation approach. significantly improved 93.31% when applied embedding tuning. research work will considerably help experts in detection diagnosis AD.

Language: Английский

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The toxic metal hypothesis for neurological disorders

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 23, 2023

Multiple sclerosis and the major sporadic neurogenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease are considered to have both genetic environmental components. Advances been made in finding predispositions these but it has difficult pin down agents that trigger them. Environmental toxic metals implicated neurological since human exposure is common from anthropogenic natural sources, damaging properties suspected underlie many of disorders. Questions remain, however, as how enter nervous system, if one or combinations sufficient precipitate metal results different patterns neuronal white matter loss. The hypothesis presented here damage selective locus ceruleus neurons causes dysfunction blood-brain barrier. This allows circulating toxicants astrocytes, where they transferred to, damage, oligodendrocytes, neurons. type disorder arises depends on (i) which damaged, (ii) variants give rise susceptibility uptake, cytotoxicity, clearance, (iii) age, frequency, duration toxicant exposure, (iv) uptake various mixtures metals. Evidence supporting this presented, concentrating studies examined distribution system. Clinicopathological features shared between disorders listed can be linked Details provided applies multiple neurodegenerative Further avenues explore for suggested. In conclusion, may play a part several While further evidence support needed, protect system would prudent take steps reduce pollution industrial, mining, manufacturing burning fossil fuels.

Language: Английский

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Age-related differences in the functional topography of the locus coeruleus and their implications for cognitive and affective functions

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 9, 2023

The locus coeruleus (LC) is an important noradrenergic nucleus that has recently attracted a lot of attention because its emerging role in cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Although previous histological studies have shown the LC heterogeneous connections cellular features, no yet assessed functional topography vivo, how this heterogeneity changes over aging, whether it associated with cognition mood. Here, we employ gradient-based approach to characterize organization aging using 3T resting-state fMRI population-based cohort aged from 18 88 years age (Cambridge Centre for Ageing Neuroscience cohort, n=618). We show exhibits rostro-caudal gradient along longitudinal axis, which was replicated independent dataset (Human Connectome Project [HCP] 7T dataset, n=184). main direction consistent across groups, spatial features varied increasing age, emotional memory, emotion regulation. More specifically, loss rostral-like connectivity, more clustered topography, greater asymmetry between right left gradients higher worse behavioral performance. Furthermore, participants higher-than-normal Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) ratings exhibited alterations as well, manifested asymmetry. These results provide vivo account imply are relevant markers LC-related measures psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the locus coeruleus during the course of Alzheimer's disease and their relationship to cortical pathology

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the locus coeruleus (LC) undergoes early and extensive neuronal loss, preceded by abnormal intracellular tau aggregation, decades before onset of clinical disease. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI has been proposed as a method to image these changes during life. Surprisingly, human post-mortem studies have not examined how in LC course relate cerebral pathology following loss projection cortex.

Language: Английский

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The Multifaceted Neurotoxicity of Astrocytes in Ageing and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Translational Perspective

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 17, 2022

In a healthy physiological context, astrocytes are multitasking cells contributing to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, defense, and immunity. cell culture or rodent models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's (PD), numerous studies have shown that can adopt neurotoxic phenotypes could enhance progression. Chronic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, unbalanced phagocytosis, alteration their core roles the main manifestations detrimental states. However, if directly involved in brain deterioration by exerting functions patients with NDDs is still controversial. The large spectrum NDDs, often overlapping pathologies, technical challenges associated study human samples complexify analysis astrocyte involvement specific cascades. With this review, we aim provide translational overview about multi-facets neurotoxicity ranging from vitro findings over mouse cell-based research finally evidence patient-related research. We also discuss role ageing encompassing changes physiology response pathologic stimuli how may prime responses NDDs. To conclude, potentially therapeutic strategies be adopted alleviate reverse astrocytic toxicity potential impact neurodegeneration dementia progression patients.

Language: Английский

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The β‐adrenergic hypothesis of synaptic and microglial impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165(3), P. 289 - 302

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative originating partly from amyloid β protein-induced synaptic failure. As damaging of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) occurs at prodromal stage AD, activation adrenergic receptors could serve as first line defense against onset disease. Activation β2 -ARs strengthens long-term potentiation (LTP) and activity, thus improving learning memory. Physical stimulation animals exposed to an enriched environment (EE) leads prevents dysfunction. EE also suppresses neuroinflammation, suggesting that -AR agonists may play neuroprotective role. The used for respiratory diseases have been shown anti-inflammatory effect. Epidemiological studies further support beneficial effects on several diseases. Thus, I propose provide therapeutic value combination with novel treatments AD.

Language: Английский

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Noradrenergic neuromodulation in ageing and disease

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105311 - 105311

Published: July 10, 2023

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem structure located in the lower pons and main source of noradrenaline (NA) brain. Via its phasic tonic firing, it modulates cognition autonomic functions involved brain's immune response. extent degeneration to LC healthy ageing remains unclear, however, noradrenergic dysfunction may contribute pathogenesis Alzheimer's (AD) Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite their differences progression at later stages, early involvement lead comparable behavioural symptoms such as preclinical sleep problems neuropsychiatric result AD PD pathology. In this review, we draw attention mechanisms that underlie ageing, PD. We aim motivate future research investigate how system play pivotal role which also be relevant other neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Peripheral nerve stimulation: A neuromodulation-based approach

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 105180 - 105180

Published: April 12, 2023

Recent technological improvements have positioned us at the threshold of innovative discoveries that will assist in new perspectives and avenues research. Increased attention has been directed towards peripheral nerve stimulation, particularly vagus, trigeminal, or greater occipital nerve, due to their unique pathway engages neural circuits within networks involved higher cognitive processes. Here, we question whether effects transcutaneous electrical stimulation are mediated by synergistic interactions multiple neuromodulatory networks, considering this is shared more than one system. By spotlighting attractive pathway, opinion piece aims acknowledge contributions four vital neuromodulators prompt researchers consider them future investigations explanations.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneous organization of Locus coeruleus: An intrinsic mechanism for functional complexity

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 114231 - 114231

Published: May 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System: Spheres of Influence and Contribution to the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(3)

Published: March 20, 2024

Locus coeruleus is a small bilateral nucleus in the brainstem. It main source of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) throughout central nervous system (about 70% all system), and, as shown numerous studies, it involved regulating significant number functions. The detailed study functions Coeruleus (LC) and its significance human life became possible only after development histofluorescence methods for monoamines 1960s. widespread locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) projection regulates entire modulates sensory processing, motor behavior, arousal, cognitive processes. Damage to LC associated decrease levels are wide range clinical conditions pathological Although much about anatomy physiology currently known, ultimate role regulation control sleep-wake cycle, stress response, (such Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, depression, suicidal chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson’s disease) not fully understood. Non-invasive visualization can be used differential diagnosis, determining stage predicting course. Studying dysfunction LC-norepinephrine system, pathogenesis various neurological diseases, may ultimately form basis new treatment based on pharmacological elevation levels. In this review, we will attempt highlight key points regarding structure function Coeruleus, well outline directions prospects study.

Language: Английский

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