Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 4, 2025
Language: Английский
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Aug. 3, 2024
Within the scope of this investigation, we carried out experiments to investigate potential Vision Transformer (ViT) in field medical image analysis. The diagnosis osteoporosis through inspection X-ray radio-images is a substantial classification problem that were able address with assistance models. In order provide basis for comparison, conducted parallel analysis which sought solve same by employing traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are well-known and commonly used techniques solution categorization issues. findings our research led us conclude ViT capable achieving superior outcomes compared CNN. Furthermore, provided methods have access sufficient quantity training data, probability increases both arrive at more appropriate solutions critical
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 150631 - 150631
Published: March 26, 2024
The skeletal system is essential for preserving body structure and facilitating mobility; however, bone diseases frequently result in significant disabilities, necessitating the investigation into biomaterials restoration. Nevertheless, these may elicit immune reactions that obstruct healing process. Macrophages assume a pivotal role modulating inflammation sustaining homeostasis regeneration. A comprehensive understanding of molecular interactions between macrophages imperative development sophisticated designed to regulate environment promote remodeling. This review delves generation, polarization, interaction with principal cell types implicated osteogenesis, detailing mechanisms by which influence repair their response biomaterials. Additionally, it discusses strategies precise modulation macrophage functionality via intelligent mechanisms, outlines challenges constraints designing integrate functions. By elucidating challenges, lays groundwork creation advanced endowed smart immunomodulatory capabilities, heralding novel approaches treatment defects advancement regeneration therapies.
Language: Английский
Citations
17
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4717 - 4717
Published: April 26, 2024
Adult bones are continuously remodeled by the balance between bone resorption osteoclasts and subsequent formation osteoblasts. Many studies have provided molecular evidence that remodeling is under control of circadian rhythms. Circadian fluctuations been reported in serum urine levels turnover markers, such as digested collagen fragments alkaline phosphatase. Additionally, expressions over a quarter all transcripts show rhythmicity, including genes encoding master transcription factors for osteoblastogenesis osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic cytokines, signaling pathway proteins. Serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin also display rhythmicity. Finally, osteoblast- osteoclast-specific knockout mice targeting core regulator gene Bmal1 disrupted remodeling, although results not always consistent. Despite these studies, however, establishing direct link rhythms vivo remains major challenge. It nearly impossible to repeatedly collect materials from human subjects while following changes. In addition, differences regulation diurnal humans nocturnal mice, main model organism, remain unclear. Filling knowledge gap could reveal novel regulatory mechanisms underlying many disorders osteoporosis, genetic diseases, fracture healing. This an important question basic understanding how cell differentiation progresses influence cyclically fluctuating environments.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 4679 - 4679
Published: Aug. 9, 2024
The complex relationship between trace elements and skeletal health has received increasing attention in the scientific community. Among these minerals, manganese (Mn) emerged as a key element affecting bone metabolism integrity. This review examines multifaceted role of Mn health, including its effects on regeneration, mineralization, overall strength. article is based synthesis experimental models, epidemiologic studies, clinical trials mechanisms effect metabolism. Current research data show that actively involved processes remodeling by modulating activity osteoblasts osteoclasts, well main cells regulate formation resorption. ions have profound mineralization density intricately regulating signaling pathways enzymatic reactions cells. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), located mitochondria, plays crucial osteoclast differentiation function, protecting osteoclasts from oxidative damage. Understanding nuances Mn’s interaction with essential for optimizing strategies, potentially preventing managing diseases. Key findings include stimulation osteoblast proliferation differentiation, inhibition osteoclastogenesis, preservation mass through RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. These results underscore importance maintaining highlight need further into therapeutic potential.
Language: Английский
Citations
10
MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(8)
Published: July 24, 2024
As a highly dynamic tissue, bone is continuously rebuilt throughout life. Both formation by osteoblasts and resorption osteoclasts constitute reconstruction homeostasis. The equilibrium of homeostasis governed many complicated signaling pathways that weave together to form an intricate network. These coordinate the meticulous processes resorption, ensuring structural integrity vitality skeletal system. Dysregulation homeostatic regulatory network contributes development progression diseases. Significantly, imbalanced further disrupts triggers cascade reaction exacerbates disease engenders deleterious cycle. Here, we summarize influence on homeostasis, elucidating interplay crosstalk among them. Additionally, review mechanisms underpinning imbalances across diverse landscapes, highlighting current prospective therapeutic targets clinical drugs. We hope this will contribute holistic understanding molecular sustaining which are promising research shed light targeted
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 337 - 337
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Introduction: Osteoprotegerin (OPG), encoded by the TNFRSF11B gene, is linked to development of breast cancer via several pathways, including interactions with receptor activator nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligands, apoptosis-inducing proteins like TRAIL, and genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), directly altering gene expression. This review aims investigate role OPG expression in cancer. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect. Only full-text English publications from inception September 2024 were included. Results: Studies have demonstrated that certain SNPs specifically rs3102735 rs2073618, are a higher risk development. Additionally, OPG’s function TRAIL decoy may inhibit death cells. Furthermore, serum its BRCA mutations being investigated for their potential influence on progression. found promotes tumorigenesis enhancing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, aneuploidy normal mammary epithelial Moreover, mediates tumor-promoting effects interleukin-1 beta serve biomarker risk, particularly BRCA1 mutation carriers, through dysregulated RANK signaling. Lastly, use recombinant mouse models has been exert anti-tumor effects. Conclusions: In this review, examined. multifaceted exerts TNF-related ligand (TRAIL), modulation pro-tumorigenic microenvironment survival, metastasis. dual tumor suppressor promoter serves possible therapeutic target enhance apoptosis, limit bone metastasis, modulate microenvironment. Whilst much now known, further studies necessary fully delineate OPG.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 66 - 66
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (Dex), is the most prevalent secondary cause osteoporosis, known glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). current study examined preventative and synergistic effect aqueous chicory extract (ACE) ethanolic purslane (EPE) on GIO compared with Alendronate (ALN). phytochemical contents, elemental analysis, antioxidant scavenging activity, ACE EPE combination index were evaluated. Rats randomly divided into control, ACE, EPE, ACE/EPE MIX groups (100 mg/kg orally), Dex group (received 1.5 mg Dex/kg, Sc), four treated received MIX, ALN Dex. bone mineral density content, index, growth, turnover, oxidative stress measured. molecular analysis RANK/RANKL/OPG Nrf2/HO-1 pathways also causes by increasing stress, decreasing markers, reducing growth markers (OPG OCN), turnover resorption (NFATc1, RANKL, ACP, ALP, IL-6, TNF-α). In contrast, showed a prophylactic against Dex-induced modulating measured parameters histopathological architecture. conclusion, exerts powerful mode action different from ALN.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 518 - 518
Published: March 15, 2024
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has gained attention as a therapeutic agent due to its potential biological activities, including osteogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in osteogenic activity of BDNF have not been fully understood. This study aimed investigate action on osteoblast differentiation bone marrow stromal cells, and influence signaling pathways. In addition, evaluate clinical efficacy, an vivo animal was performed. Methods: Preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1), marrow-derived (ST2), direct 2D co-culture system were treated with BDNF. The effect cell proliferation determined using CCK-8 assay. Osteoblast assessed based alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining protein expression multiple markers. Calcium accumulation examined by Alizarin red S staining. For study, we used ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats divided them into normal saline injection groups. MicroCT, hematoxylin eosin (H&E), tartrate-resistant acid (TRAP) stain performed for analysis. Results: significantly increased ALP activity, calcium deposition, differentiation-related proteins, such ALP, osteopontin, etc., both ST-2 MC3T3-E1 systems. Moreover, diminished blocking tropomyosin receptor kinase B, well inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal p38 MAPK signals. Although results density histology showed osteoblastic decreased osteoclastic only portion parameters reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Our that affects through TrkB receptor, JNK signal statistically significant, trend effects observed experiment.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Current Osteoporosis Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Sept. 26, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Calcified Tissue International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113(4), P. 449 - 468
Published: July 20, 2023
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and are recommended as standard of care. Targeting receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) may have advantages DMD by ameliorating dystrophic skeletal muscle function addition to their anti-resorptive properties. However, the potential effects anti-RANKL treatment upon discontinuation GC-induced animal models unknown need further investigation prior exploration clinical research setting. In first study, deflazacort (DFZ) on microstructure were assessed mdx mice treated DFZ or anti-RANKL, both for 8 weeks. Anti-RANKL improved grip force performance but an additive effect was not noted. ex vivo contractile properties muscles. This functional improvement associated a reduction damage fibrosis, inflammatory cell number. treatment, without DFZ, also trabecular structure mice. second intravenous zoledronate (Zol) administration (1 2 doses) following months mostly required record microarchitecture biomechanical DFZ-treated conclusion, ability therapy restore has profound implications patients it offers possibility improving steroid-related side effects.
Language: Английский
Citations
10