Seminars in Immunopathology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(1-2)
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract
The
gut
microbiota,
housing
trillions
of
microorganisms
within
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
has
emerged
as
a
critical
regulator
host
health
and
homeostasis.
Through
complex
metabolic
interactions,
these
produce
diverse
range
metabolites
that
substantially
impact
various
physiological
processes
host.
This
review
aims
to
delve
into
intricate
relationships
microbiota-derived
their
influence
on
We
will
explore
how
affect
crucial
aspects
physiology,
including
metabolism,
mucosal
integrity,
communication
among
tissues.
Moreover,
we
spotlight
potential
therapeutic
applications
targeting
restore
sustain
equilibrium.
Understanding
interplay
between
microbiota
is
for
developing
innovative
strategies
promote
wellbeing
improve
outcomes
chronic
diseases.
Particle and Fibre Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Nov. 12, 2020
Abstract
Background
Together
with
poor
biodegradability
and
insufficient
recycling,
the
massive
production
use
of
plastics
have
led
to
widespread
environmental
contamination
by
nano-
microplastics.
These
particles
accumulate
across
ecosystems
-
even
in
most
remote
habitats
are
transferred
through
food
chains,
leading
inevitable
human
ingestion,
that
adds
highest
one
due
processes
packaging.
Objective
The
present
review
aimed
at
providing
a
comprehensive
overview
current
knowledge
regarding
effects
microplastics
on
intestinal
homeostasis.
Methods
We
conducted
literature
search
focused
vivo
gut
epithelium
microbiota,
as
well
immune
response.
Results
Numerous
animal
studies
shown
exposure
leads
impairments
oxidative
inflammatory
balance,
disruption
gut’s
epithelial
permeability.
Other
notable
microplastic
include
dysbiosis
(changes
microbiota)
cell
toxicity.
Moreover,
contain
additives,
adsorb
contaminants,
may
promote
growth
bacterial
pathogens
their
surfaces:
they
potential
carriers
toxicants
can
potentially
lead
further
adverse
effects.
Conclusion
Despite
scarcity
reports
directly
relevant
human,
this
brings
together
growing
body
evidence
showing
disturbs
microbiota
critical
functions.
Such
development
chronic
disorders.
Further
investigation
threat
health
is
warranted.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Sept. 25, 2020
During
the
last
years
probiotics
gained
attention
of
clinicians
for
their
use
in
prevention
and
treatment
multiple
diseases.
Probiotics
main
mechanisms
action
include
enhanced
mucosal
barrier
function,
direct
antagonism
with
pathogens,
inhibition
bacterial
adherence
invasion
capacity,
boosting
immune
system
regulation
central
nervous
system.
It
is
accepted
that
there
a
mutual
communication
between
liver,
so-called
“microbiota-gut-liver
axis”
as
well
reciprocal
intestinal
microbiota
through
“microbiota-gut-brain
axis”.
Moreover,
recently
gut–lung
axis
viral
infections
considerably
discussed
amplifies
alveolar
macrophage
activity
having
protective
role
host
defense
against
pneumonia.
The
importance
normal
human
recognized
preservation
health.
Disease
states
such
as,
infections,
autoimmune
conditions,
allergy
other
are
occurring
when
balance
disturbed.
seems
to
be
promising
approach
prevent
even
reduce
symptoms
these
clinical
an
adjuvant
therapy
by
preserving
improving
present
review
globally
all
different
disorders
which
were
given.
Stronger
data
favor
provided
gastrointestinal
disorders,
antibiotic-associated
diarrhea,
respiratory
infections.
We
discuss
hereby
reduction
focus
on
possibility
used
therapeutic
pandemic
COVID-19.Nevertheless,
it
scientific
community
more
studies
should
undertaken
large
samples
diseased
populations
so
assessment
potential
provide
us
strong
evidence
efficacy
safety
use.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: March 7, 2022
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
inhabited
by
the
largest
microbial
community
within
body
consisting
of
trillions
microbes
called
gut
microbiota.
normal
flora
site
many
physiological
functions
such
as
enhancing
host
immunity,
participating
in
nutrient
absorption
and
protecting
against
pathogenic
microorganisms.
Numerous
investigations
showed
a
bidirectional
interplay
between
microbiota
organs
intestines,
lungs,
brain,
skin.
Large
evidence
demonstrated,
more
than
decade
ago,
that
alteration
key
factor
pathogenesis
local
systemic
disorders.
In
this
regard,
deep
understanding
mechanisms
involved
symbiosis/dysbiosis
crucial
for
clinical
health
field.
We
review
most
recent
studies
on
involvement
diseases.
also
elaborate
different
strategies
used
to
manipulate
prevention
treatment
future
medicine
strongly
related
quality
our
Targeting
dysbiosis
will
be
huge
challenge.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7
Published: July 7, 2020
Background:
Gastrointestinal
disorders
are
frequent
in
COVID-19
and
SARS-CoV-2
has
been
hypothesized
to
impact
on
host
microbial
flora
gut
inflammation,
infecting
intestinal
epithelial
cells.
Since
there
currently
no
coded
therapies
or
guidelines
for
treatment
of
COVID-19,
this
study
aimed
evaluate
the
possible
role
a
specific
oral
bacteriotherapy
as
complementary
therapeutic
strategy
avoid
progression
COVID-19.
Methods:
We
provide
report
70
patients
positive
hospitalized
between
March
9th
April
4th,
2020.
All
had
fever,
required
non-invasive
oxygen
therapy
presented
CT
lung
involvement
imaging
more
than
50%.
Forty-two
received
hydroxychloroquine,
antibiotics,
tocilizumab,
alone
combination.
A
second
group
28
subjects
same
added
with
bacteriotherapy,
using
specialized
formulation
eight
bacterial
strains.
Results:
The
two
cohorts
were
comparable
age,
sex,
laboratory
values,
concomitant
pathologies,
modality
support.
Within
seventy-two
hours,
nearly
all
treated
showed
remission
diarrhea
other
symptoms
compared
less
half
not
supplemented
group.
estimated
risk
developing
respiratory
failure
was
eight-fold
lower
receiving
bacteriotherapy.
Both
prevalence
transferred
ICU
mortality
higher
among
Conclusions:
significant
ameliorating
clinical
conditions
infection.
These
results
also
stress
importance
gut-lung
axis
controlling
disease.
npj Biofilms and Microbiomes,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: July 22, 2021
Abstract
The
human
oral
and
gut
commensal
microbes
play
vital
roles
in
the
development
maintenance
of
immune
homeostasis,
while
its
association
with
susceptibility
severity
SARS-CoV-2
infection
is
barely
understood.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
dynamics
intestinal
flora
before
after
clearance
53
COVID-19
patients,
then
examined
their
microbiome
alterations
comparison
to
76
healthy
individuals.
A
total
140
throat
swab
samples
81
fecal
from
these
patients
during
hospitalization,
44
32
sex
age-matched
individuals
were
collected
subjected
16S
rRNA
sequencing
viral
load
inspection.
We
found
that
was
associated
community
as
indicated
by
both
alpha
beta
diversity
indexes.
Several
bacterial
taxa
identified
related
infection,
wherein
elevated
Granulicatella
Rothia
mucilaginosa
microbiome.
those
also
calculated
identify
potential
between
These
findings
provide
a
meaningful
baseline
for
digestive
tract
will
shed
light
on
new
dimensions
disease
pathophysiology,
microbial
biomarkers,
treatment
strategies
COVID-19.
