From Antibacterial to Antibiofilm Targeting: An Emerging Paradigm Shift in the Development of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 394 - 422

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

In a previous development stage, mostly individual antibacterial activity was target in the optimization of biologically active compounds and antiseptic agents. Although this targeting is still valuable, new trend has appeared since discovery superhigh resistance bacterial cells upon their aggregation into groups. Indeed, it now well established that great majority pathogenic germs are found environment as surface-associated microbial communities called biofilms. The protective properties biofilms resistance, even to high concentrations biocides, cause many chronic infections medical settings lead serious economic losses various areas. A paradigm shift from also affecting more complex cellular frameworks taking place involves multiple strategies for combating with effective at different stages microbiome formation. Quaternary ammonium (QACs) play key role these treatments prophylactic techniques on basis both use agents combination technologies. review, we summarize literature data effectiveness using commercially available newly synthesized QACs, synergistic treatment based them. As an important focus, developing applying antimicrobial coatings prevent formation surfaces over time discussed. information analyzed review will be useful researchers engineers working fields, including generation applied materials; understanding biofilm surface growth; conducting research medical, pharmaceutical, materials sciences. regular studies widely conducted, promising evaluate antibiofilm comprehensive study order meet current requirements highly needed practical applications.

Language: Английский

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How biofilm changes our understanding of cleaning and disinfection

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Biofilms are ubiquitous in healthcare settings. By nature, biofilms less susceptible to antimicrobials and associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Resistance of biofilm is multifactorial the presence a matrix composed extracellular polymeric substances eDNA, being major contributing factor. The usual multispecies composition environmental can also impact on antimicrobial efficacy. In settings, two main types present: hydrated biofilms, for example, drains parts some medical devices equipment, dry (DSB) surfaces possibly devices. act as reservoir pathogens including multi-drug resistant organisms their elimination requires different approaches. control (drain) should be informed by reduction or microbial bioburden together measuring regrowth time. DSB measured combination decrease bacterial transfer post-intervention. Failure increases risk HAI, but not solely responsible disinfection failure shortcoming. limited number standardised efficacy tests hindrance end users manufacturers, whilst Europe there no approved standard protocols. Education stakeholders about ad hoc tests, often academic thus paramount, achieve better

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

The rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to the field infectious disease treatment. To overcome this problem, novel strategies are being explored enhance effectiveness antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants have emerged as promising approach combat MDR by acting synergistically with This review focuses on role antibiotic synergistic tool in fight against pathogens. Adjuvants refer compounds or agents that activity antibiotics, either potentiating their effects targeting mechanisms resistance. utilization offers several advantages. Firstly, they can restore existing antibiotics strains. inhibit confer resistance, making susceptible action Secondly, improving penetration into bacterial cells, increasing stability, inhibiting efflux pumps expel from cells. Various types been investigated, including pump inhibitors, resistance-modifying agents, and disrupt biofilms. These act resulting increased antibacterial overcoming resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, potential revolutionize treatment By enhancing efficacy offer strategy growing threat Further research development crucial harness full bring them closer clinical application.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2655 - 2655

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global highly synchronized way is communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS cell-to-cell process that depends on population density mediated by small signalling molecules autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, controls biofilm formation through regulation gene expression involved extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance metabolic adaptation. Forming one antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature human pathogens ability form biofilm, which poses serious medical issue due their high susceptibility traditional antibiotics. Because associated with formation, there belief inhibition activity quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress research, focusing biofilms, especially those formed pathogenic become resistant antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, potential approach highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies control AMR bacteria has been discussed.

Language: Английский

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Intrinsic antimicrobial resistance: Molecular biomaterials to combat microbial biofilms and bacterial persisters

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 311, P. 122690 - 122690

Published: June 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Liposomal drug delivery strategies to eradicate bacterial biofilms: Challenges, recent advances, and future perspectives

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 655, P. 124046 - 124046

Published: March 29, 2024

Typical antibiotic treatments are often ineffectual against biofilm-related infections since bacteria residing within biofilms have developed various mechanisms to resist antibiotics. To overcome these limitations, antimicrobial-loaded liposomal nanoparticles a promising anti-biofilm strategy as they demonstrated improved delivery and eradication of in biofilms. Antibiotic-loaded revealed remarkably higher antibacterial activities than free drugs experimental settings. Moreover, can be used efficaciously for the combinational antibiotics other antimicrobial compounds/peptide which facilitate, instance, significant breakdown biofilm matrix, increased bacterial elimination from depletion metabolic activity pathogens. Drug-loaded liposomes mitigated recurrent considered tool address challenges associated resistance. Furthermore, it has been that surface charge polyethylene glycol modification notable impact on their activity. Future investigations should tackle persistent hurdles with development safe effective clinical application investigate novel treatments, including CRISPR-Cas gene editing, natural compounds, phages, nano-mediated approaches. Herein, we emphasize significance inhibition biofilms, challenges, recent advances, future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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The Current Knowledge on the Pathogenesis of Tissue and Medical Device-Related Biofilm Infections

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1259 - 1259

Published: June 21, 2022

Biofilm is the trigger for majority of infections caused by ability microorganisms to adhere tissues and medical devices. Microbial cells embedded in biofilm matrix are highly tolerant antimicrobials escape host immune system. Thus, refractory nature biofilm-related (BRIs) still represents a great challenge physicians serious health threat worldwide. Despite its importance, microbiological diagnosis BRI difficult not routinely assessed clinical microbiology. Moreover, bacteria up 100-1000 times less susceptible antibiotics than their planktonic counterpart. Consequently, conventional antibiograms might be representative bacterial drug susceptibility vivo. The timely recognition crucial step directing most appropriate biofilm-targeted antimicrobial strategy.

Language: Английский

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Liposomes-Based Drug Delivery Systems of Anti-Biofilm Agents to Combat Bacterial Biofilm Formation

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 875 - 875

Published: May 8, 2023

All currently approved antibiotics are being met by some degree of resistance the bacteria they target. Biofilm formation is one crucial enablers bacterial resistance, making it an important process to target for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, several drug delivery systems that biofilm have been developed. One these based on lipid-based nanocarriers (liposomes), which shown strong efficacy against biofilms pathogens. Liposomes come in various types, namely conventional (charged or neutral), stimuli-responsive, deformable, targeted, and stealth. This paper reviews studies employing liposomal formulations medically salient gram-negative gram-positive species reported recently. When comes species, types were be efficacious Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, members genera Klebsiella, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Serratia, Porphyromonas, Prevotella. A range also effective biofilms, including mostly Staphylococcal strains, Staphylococcus aureus, epidermidis, saprophyticus subspecies bovis, followed Streptococcal strains (pneumonia, oralis, mutans), Cutibacterium acnes, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium avium, avium subsp. hominissuis, abscessus, Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. review outlines benefits limitations using as means combat different multidrug-resistant bacteria, urging investigation effects gram-stain efficiency inclusion pathogenic previously unstudied.

Language: Английский

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Lipid Nanocarriers-Enabled Delivery of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Adjuvants to Overcome Bacterial Biofilms

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 396 - 396

Published: March 14, 2024

The opportunistic bacteria growing in biofilms play a decisive role the pathogenesis of chronic infectious diseases. Biofilm-dwelling behave differently than planktonic and are likely to increase resistance tolerance antimicrobial therapeutics. Antimicrobial adjuvants have emerged as promising strategy combat (AMR) restore efficacy existing antibiotics. A combination antibiotics potential adjuvants, (e.g., extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-degrading enzymes quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) can improve effects potentially reduce bacterial resistance). In addition, encapsulation antimicrobials within nanoparticulate systems their stability delivery into biofilms. Lipid nanocarriers (LNCs) been established having with adjuvants. Among them, liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs), liposomes, solid lipid (SLNs), nanostructured carriers (NLCs) due superior properties compared traditional formulations, including greater biocompatibility, higher drug loading capacity, protection from chemical or enzymatic degradation, controlled release, targeted delivery, ease preparation, scale-up feasibility. This article reviews recent advances developing various LNCs co-deliver some well-studied combined different classes. treatments is against biofilms, synergistic therapeutics that deserve further investigation also highlighted. review identifies for therapies development. It discusses how LNC-enabled co-delivery advance current clinical treatments, leading innovative products, enabling reuse antibiotics, providing opportunities saving millions lives infections.

Language: Английский

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Extensively and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains: case studies of antibiotics resistance

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 4, 2024

The development of antibiotic resistance compromises the effectiveness our most effective defenses against bacterial infections, presenting a threat to global health. To date, large number research articles exist in literature describing case reports associated with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. However, these findings are scattered, making it time-consuming for researchers locate promising results there remains need comparative study compile from various geographical regions including Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Additionally, no has yet been published that compares genetic variations MDR XDR strains identified Arabia, Middle East, Central Europe, Asian countries. This attempts provide analysis several Arabia alongside other Furthermore, purpose this work is demonstrate genes underlying mechanisms seen have reported cover gap, comprehensive review explores complex trends growing risk posed by superbugs. We context on concerning spread bacteria analyzing fundamental looking into individual reports. In article, we compiled cases stories countries China, Egypt, India, Poland, Pakistan, Taiwan. will serve as basis highlighting MDR, poses urgent national action plans, stewardship programs, preventive measures, novel antibiotics Kingdom.

Language: Английский

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