Microbiota, Tryptophan and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors as the Target Triad in Parkinson’s Disease—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2915 - 2915

Published: March 2, 2024

In the era of a steadily increasing lifespan, neurodegenerative diseases among elderly present significant therapeutic and socio-economic challenge. A properly balanced diet microbiome diversity have been receiving attention as targets for interventions in neurodegeneration. Microbiota may affect cognitive function, neuronal survival death, gut dysbiosis was identified Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is degraded by microbiota hosts numerous compounds with immune- neuromodulating properties. This broad narrative review presents data supporting concept that microbiota, Trp-kynurenine (KYN) pathway aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) form triad involved PD. disturbed gut–brain axis allows bidirectional spread pro-inflammatory molecules α-synuclein, which contribute to development/progression disease. We suggest peripheral levels kynurenines AhR ligands are strongly linked Trp metabolism should be studied together composition microbiota. Such approach can clearly delineate sub-populations PD patients manifesting microbiota–Trp-KYN–brain triad, who would benefit from modifications metabolism. Analyses microbiome, Trp-KYN metabolites signaling shed light on mechanisms intestinal distress identify new diagnosis treatment early-stage Therapeutic based combination well-defined food regimen, probiotics seem potential require further experimental clinical research.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota and its role in the development of cardiovascular disease

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases encompasses a complex interplay genetic and environmental risk factors. Even if traditional factors are treated to target, there remains residual risk. This manuscript reviews the potential role gut microbiota in development disease, as target. A systematic search was conducted until 30 October 2024 on PubMed (MEDLINE), using MeSH terms [Gut microbiota] + [Dysbiosis] [Cardiovascular] [TMAO] [bile acids] [short-chain fatty acids]. term dysbiosis implies changes equilibrium, with modifications composition functionality series additional factors: reduced diversity uniformity microorganisms; short-chain acid-producing bacteria; increased permeability; release metabolites, such trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, phenylalanine, tryptophan-kynurenine, phenylacetylglutamine, lipopolysaccharides; secondary bile acid excretion, leading inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction facilitating onset pathological conditions, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart failure. Attempts restore balance through different interventions, mainly diet, have been shown positively affect individual components metabolites reduce disease. In addition, probiotics prebiotics potentially useful. Fecal transplantation is promising therapy.

Language: Английский

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Buyang Huanwu Decoction stabilizes atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques by regulating intestinal flora, TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammatory pathway and mitophagy

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 156751 - 156751

Published: April 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside—Part 1

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4232 - 4232

Published: April 11, 2024

Atherosclerosis, a complex metabolic-immune disease characterized by chronic inflammation driven the buildup of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls, has emerged as pivotal factor in intricate interplay between cancer and cardiovascular disease. This bidirectional relationship, marked shared risk factors pathophysiological mechanisms, underscores need for comprehensive understanding how these two formidable health challenges intersect influence each other. Cancer its treatments can contribute to progression atherosclerosis, while with inflammatory microenvironment, exert profound effects on development outcomes. Both involve interactions general personal exposomes. In this review, we aim summarize state art translational data try show oncologic studies cardiotoxicity broaden our knowledge crucial pathways biology positive impact precision cardiology cardio-oncology.

Language: Английский

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Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 691 - 691

Published: June 13, 2024

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy unknown etiology, is intensely studied as model cardiovascular (CVD) not only due to multiple shared pathologic elements but also because changes that develop over decades in CVD appear and resolve within days preeclampsia. Those affected by preeclampsia their offspring experience increased lifetime risks CVD. At the systemic level, characterized cellular, membrane, blood levels cholesterol; however, cholesterol-dependent signaling, such canonical Wnt/βcatenin, Hedgehog, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, downregulated indicating cholesterol deficit with upregulation synthesis efflux. Hypoxia-related signaling appears be paradoxical Hypoxia-Inducible Factors placenta measurably oxygen maternal placental villous spaces. This review addresses molecular mechanisms which excessive deficient may arise from effects dietary lipid variance environmental membrane modifiers causing cellular hypoxia characterizes

Language: Английский

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Microbiota alterations associated with vascular diseases: postbiotics as a next-generation magic bullet for gut-vascular axis

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 107334 - 107334

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

The intestinal microbiota represents a key element in maintaining the homeostasis and health conditions of host. Vascular pathologies other risk factors such as aging have been recently associated with dysbiosis. qualitative quantitative alteration hinders correct metabolic homeostasis, causing structural functional changes wall itself. Impairment microbiota, combined reduction barrier function, worsen pathological scenarios peripheral tissues over time, including vascular one. Several experimental evidence, collected this review, describes detail dysbiosis alterations, atherosclerosis, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, resulting disorders how these can impact on health. In context, gut-vascular axis is considered, for first merged unit involved development progression promising target. Current approaches management probiotics, prebiotics dietary modifications act mainly district. Postbiotics, described preparation inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers benefits host, represent an innovative strategy dual pathologies. review has further purpose defining positive effects supplementation bacterial strains metabolites (short‑chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic gallic acid, protocatechuic acid) restoring acting directly district through axis.

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis and Bidirectional Relationship between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside—Part 1

Published: March 20, 2024

Atherosclerosis, a complex metabolic-immune disease characterized by chronic inflammation driven the buildup of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls, has emerged as pivotal factor in intricate interplay between cancer and cardiovascular disease. This bidirectional relationship, marked shared risk factors pathophysiological mechanisms, underscores need for comprehensive understanding how these two formidable health challenges intersect influence each other. Cancer its treatments can contribute to progression atherosclerosis while with inflammatory microenvironment exert profound effects on development outcomes. Both involve interactions general personal exposomes. In this review we want summarize state-of-the-art translational data try show oncologic studies cardiotoxicity broaden our knowledge crucial pathways biology positive impact precision cardiology cardioncology.

Language: Английский

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Remodeling Intestinal Microbiota Alleviates Severe Combined Hyperlipidemia-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Atherosclerosis in LDLR ^-/- Hamsters

Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Combined hyperlipidemia (CHL) manifests as elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, associated with fatty liver cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence underscores the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disorders. However, potential therapeutic viability remodeling CHL remains uncertain. In this study, was induced low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR -/- ) hamsters through an 8-week high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet or a 4-month (HC) diet. Placebo antibiotics were administered separate cohousing approaches. Analysis 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that intermittent antibiotic treatment approach effectively modulated gut community without impacting its overall abundance LDLR exhibiting severe CHL. Antibiotic mitigated HFHC diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, enhancing thermogenesis alleviating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), concurrently reducing atherosclerotic lesions hamsters. Metabolomic analysis favorable lipid metabolism profile. Increased levels microbiota-derived metabolites, notably butyrate glycylglycine, also ameliorated NASH atherosclerosis diet-fed Notably, antibiotics, butyrate, glycylglycine exhibited protective effects on HC diet, aligning outcomes observed scenario. Our findings highlight efficacy improving NASH, refractory beneficial metabolites suggest avenue for microbiome-mediated therapies addressing CHL-associated

Language: Английский

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Targeting Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Phenolic Compounds in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2886 - 2886

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Dysregulated lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the major mechanisms implicated in development of AS. In addition, evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis plays an important role atherogenesis, modulation microbiota with probiotics phenolic compounds has emerged as promising strategy for preventing treating It been shown can improve atherosclerosis-related parameters by improving profile, inflammation. these may modulate diversity composition atherosclerosis. The studies evaluated present review showed compounds, when consumed individually, improved atherosclerosis modulating various ways, such decreasing permeability, TMAO LPS levels, altering alpha beta diversity, increasing fecal bile acid loss. However, no study was found combined use to available literature highlights synergistic potential between their health-promoting properties functionalities. This aims summarize on individual effects AS, while providing insights into benefits nutraceutical approaches using probiotic strains, quercetin, resveratrol adjuvant therapies AS treatment through microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Insights: The Gut Microbiome’s Role in Atherosclerotic Disease: A Narrative Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2341 - 2341

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

Recent advances have highlighted the gut microbiota as a significant contributor to development and progression of atherosclerosis, which is an inflammatory cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by plaque buildup within arterial walls. The microbiota, consisting diverse collection microorganisms, impacts host's metabolism, immune responses, lipid processing, all contribute atherosclerosis. This review explores complex mechanisms through dysbiosis promotes atherogenesis. We emphasize potential integrating modulation with traditional care, offering holistic approach managing Important pathways involve translocation microbial components, metabolism metabolites such trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that influence vascular health. Studies reveal distinct profiles in atherosclerosis patients, increased pathogenic bacteria (

Language: Английский

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