Multi-prospects of bacterial extracellular vesicles in immune modulation, inflammation regulation, and periodontitis treatment

Nano Today, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 102210 - 102210

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites

Journal of Extracellular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Abstract Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting billions of cases year several millions deaths. Research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has increased in recent years demonstrated that EVs shed by pathogenic parasites interact with host cells playing an important role parasite's survival, such as facilitation infection, immunomodulation, parasite adaptation to environment transfer drug resistance factors. Thus, released mediate parasite‐parasite parasite‐host intercellular communication. In addition, they being explored biomarkers asymptomatic infections disease prognosis after treatment. However, current protocols used isolation, size determination, quantification characterization molecular cargo lack greater rigor, standardization, adequate quality controls certify enrichment or purity ensuing bioproducts. We now initiating major guidelines based evolution collective knowledge years. The main points covered this position paper methods isolation obtained from parasite‐infected cell cultures, experimental animals, patients. guideline also includes discussion suggested functional assays

Language: Английский

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The Exosome-like Vesicles of Giardia Assemblages A, B, and E Are Involved in the Delivering of Distinct Small RNA from Parasite to Parasite

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9559 - 9559

Published: May 31, 2023

The genetically related assemblages of the intestinal protozoa parasite Giardia lamblia are morphologically indistinguishable and often derived from specific hosts. separated by large genetic distances, which might account for their relevant biological pathogenic differences. In this work, we analyzed RNAs cargo released into exosomal-like vesicles (ElVs) A B, differentially infect humans, assemblage E, infects hoofed animals. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ElVs each contained distinct small (sRNA) biotypes, suggesting a preference packaging in assemblage. These sRNAs were classified three categories, ribosomal-small (rsRNAs), messenger-small (msRNAs), transfer-small (tsRNAs), may play regulatory role communication contribute to host-specificity pathogenesis. Uptake experiments showed, first time, successfully internalized trophozoites. Furthermore, observed inside these located below plasma membrane but then distributed along cytoplasm. Overall, study provides new insights molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis G. highlights potential regulation.

Language: Английский

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Antibodies to variable surface antigens induce antigenic variation in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 3, 2023

The genomes of most protozoa encode families variant surface antigens. In some parasitic microorganisms, it has been demonstrated that mutually exclusive changes in the expression these antigens allow parasites to evade host's immune response. It is widely assumed antigenic variation protozoan accomplished by spontaneous appearance within population cells expressing variants escape antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we show, both vitro and animal infections, antibodies Variant-specific Surface Proteins (VSPs) intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia are not cytotoxic, inducing instead VSP clustering into liquid-ordered phase membrane microdomains trigger a massive release microvesicles carrying original switch different VSPs calcium-dependent mechanism. This novel mechanism antigen clearance throughout its coupled stochastic induction new phenotypic only current paradigms switching but also provides framework for understanding course infections as host/parasite adaptive process.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on the Biology of Protozoan Parasites

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 448 - 448

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-membrane-bound structures produced naturally by all cells and have a variety of functions. EVs act as vehicles for transporting important molecular signals from one cell to another. Several parasites been shown secrete EVs, their biological functions extensively studied. facilitate communication with the host (such modulation host’s immune system or promoting attachment invasion into cells) between parasitic (e.g., transferring drug-resistance genes factors modulating stage conversion). It is clear that play an role in host–parasite interactions. In this review, we summarized latest research on secreted protozoan parasite–parasite communications.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in parasitic diseases – from pathogenesis to future diagnostic tools

Microbes and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 105310 - 105310

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Giardiavirus infection alleviates growth restriction and intestinal damage caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Abstract Background Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent intestinal pathogen causing giardiasis, condition characterized by diarrhea and frequently linked to malnutrition growth impairments in children. The virulence of Giardiavirus (GLV) may efficiently clear parasites from infected patients. However, we have limited understanding GLV transmission among species GLV-infected ’s impact on pathogenicity. Methods This study investigated extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated via ultracentrifugation or exosome assay kit detect the presence EVs, results were detected using ultrastructure molecular methods, including electron microscopy, scanning quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), dot blot. Transwell migration assays confirmed spread GLV-enveloped EVs inhibitor experiments immunofluorescence. Mice gavaged with , without infection, assessed for disease progression, parameters (weight size gains), permeability, pathology. Results Parts exploit pathway reach environment, allowing these EVs. uptake GLV-containing rapid trophozoite wrapped also offers protection against external interference. Importantly, EV-coated leads divergent clinical symptoms mice, posing less risk mice reducing symptoms, such as emaciation, stunted growth, lesion damage, compared GLV-free -infected mice. Conclusions Our studies show that can species, infection alleviates lesions caused . These findings reveal could be target development novel intervention strategies Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in parasitic disease diagnosis

Current topics in membranes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 187 - 223

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the context of pathogenic single-cell microorganisms

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 13, 2024

SUMMARY Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized throughout scientific communities as potential vehicles of intercellular communication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, thereby influencing various physiological pathological functions parent recipient cells. This review provides an in-depth exploration the multifaceted roles EVs context bacteria protozoan parasite EVs, shedding light on their contributions to processes disease pathogenesis. These studies highlight a conserved mechanism cellular communication, which may lead us important breakthroughs our understanding infection, mechanisms pathogenesis, indicators disease. Furthermore, are involved host–microbe interactions, offering insights into strategies employed by parasites modulate host responses, evade immune system, establish infections.

Language: Английский

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Protists: Eukaryotic single-celled organisms and the functioning of their organelles

Advances in microbial physiology/Advances in Microbial Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 243 - 307

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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