Vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance in apicomplexan parasites

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

SUMMARY Vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance are known to exist across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Vesicles sacs that form when a lipid bilayer 'bends' engulf isolate contents from the cytoplasm or extracellular environment. They have wide range functions, including vehicles communication within cells, trafficking protein intermediates their rightful organellar destinations, carriers substrates destined for autophagy. This review will provide an in-depth understanding vesicular apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium Toxoplasma (that respectively cause malaria toxoplasmosis). It integrate mechanistic evolutionarily insights gained these other pathogenic eukaryotes develop new model plasmodial artemisinins, class drugs been backbone modern campaigns eliminate worldwide. We also discuss vesicles present major in parasite protozoa apicomplexans part of). Finally, we broader context clinical Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, as well Cryptosporidium Babesia, prominent members phyla, causative agents cryptosporidiosis babesiosis significant human animal health.

Language: Английский

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Giardiavirus infection alleviates growth restriction and intestinal damage caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Abstract Background Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent intestinal pathogen causing giardiasis, condition characterized by diarrhea and frequently linked to malnutrition growth impairments in children. The virulence of Giardiavirus (GLV) may efficiently clear parasites from infected patients. However, we have limited understanding GLV transmission among species GLV-infected ’s impact on pathogenicity. Methods This study investigated extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated via ultracentrifugation or exosome assay kit detect the presence EVs, results were detected using ultrastructure molecular methods, including electron microscopy, scanning quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), dot blot. Transwell migration assays confirmed spread GLV-enveloped EVs inhibitor experiments immunofluorescence. Mice gavaged with , without infection, assessed for disease progression, parameters (weight size gains), permeability, pathology. Results Parts exploit pathway reach environment, allowing these EVs. uptake GLV-containing rapid trophozoite wrapped also offers protection against external interference. Importantly, EV-coated leads divergent clinical symptoms mice, posing less risk mice reducing symptoms, such as emaciation, stunted growth, lesion damage, compared GLV-free -infected mice. Conclusions Our studies show that can species, infection alleviates lesions caused . These findings reveal could be target development novel intervention strategies Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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New therapeutic strategies for malaria

Biophysical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Human Brain Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Toxoplasma Gondii Infection In Vitro in Human Brain and Umbilical Cord Vein Endothelial Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2640 - 2640

Published: March 14, 2025

The endothelial layer, formed by cells, performs crucial functions in maintaining homeostasis. integrity and function might be compromised due to various causes, including infection Toxoplasma gondii, leading an dysfunction. gondii is Apicomplexa parasite that infects a broad range of animals, humans. This can invade all nucleated as well cells. interaction between this protozoan cells mediated different molecules, such extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may either favor or hinder the infectious process. To investigate interaction, we evaluated T. on human brain microvascular (HBMEC) umbilical vein (HUVEC), addition assessing transcriptional changes. We also featured EVs secreted infected non-infected HBMEC HUVEC. Finally, stimulated with parasitic cellular origin. Our results demonstrated HUVEC not only exhibit higher rate than but display more pro-inflammatory profile, increased expression interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) following infection. Additionally, observed few differences concentration, distribution, morphology both cell types, although their properties modulating varied significantly. When were stimulated, from promoted increase infection, uninfected reduced whereas had no effect In conclusion, our data indicate induces distinct changes these contribute resolution

Language: Английский

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Role of parasite extracellular vesicles/exosomes in the interaction between hosts and virus-infected flagellate protozoa: progress and prospects

Animals and zoonoses., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (Family Totiviridae)

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 321 - 321

Published: July 17, 2024

Three genera of viruses the family

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils versus Protozoan Parasites: Plasmodium, Trichomonas, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Entameoba

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 827 - 827

Published: April 19, 2024

Neutrophils are the most abundant polymorphonuclear granular leukocytes in human blood and an essential part of innate immune system. efficient cells that eliminate pathogenic bacteria fungi, but their role dealing with protozoan parasitic infections remains controversial. At sites parasite infections, a large number infiltrating neutrophils is observed, suggesting important for controlling infection. Yet, cases, there also strong inflammatory response can provoke tissue damage. Diseases like malaria, trichomoniasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, amoebiasis affect millions people globally. In this review, we summarize these diseases describe novel view on how involved protection from parasites. Also, present recent evidence play double participating both control pathogenesis disease.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles release from protozoa parasite and animal model

Current topics in membranes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 85 - 106

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Overview of extracellular vesicles in pathogens with special focus on human extracellular protozoan parasites

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayered membrane-delimited particles secreted by almost any cell type, involved in different functions according to the of origin and its state. From these, communication, pathogen-host interactions modulation immune response have been widely studied. Moreover, these could be employed for diagnostic therapeutic purposes, including infections produced pathogens diverse types; regarding parasites, secretion, characterisation, roles EVs studied particular cases. heterogeneity presents challenges at every stage studies, which motivates research this area. In review, we summarise some aspects related secretion from several groups pathogens, with special focus on most recent extracellular protozoan parasites.

Language: Английский

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Touching, feeling, sensing

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 489 - 549

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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