Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Immune Response and Delivery of Multi-Epitope Helicobacter pylori Vaccines in a BALB/c Mouse Model

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 132 - 132

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Background/Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosal-associated lymphoma. Due to emerging problems with antibiotic treatment against H. in clinical practice, vaccination has gained more interest. Oral immunization considered a promising approach for preventing initial colonization this bacterium gastrointestinal tract, establishing first line defense at mucosal surfaces. Chitosan nanoparticles can be exploited effectively oral vaccine delivery due their stability, simplicity target accessibility, beneficial mucoadhesive immunogenic properties. Methods: In study, new multi-epitope pDNA- recombinant protein-based vaccines incorporating multiple antigens were produced encapsulated chitosan intramuscular administration. The induced immune response was assessed through levels antigen-specific IgGs, secreted SIgA, cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ) immunized BALB/C mice. Results: Intramuscular administration both pDNA efficiently stimulated production specific IgG2a IgG1, which supported by levels. immunizations either or protein revealed high SIgA levels, suggesting effective immunization, contrasting immunizations, did not induce SIgA. Conclusions: These findings indicate that into are candidates eradicating mitigating associated diseases humans.

Language: Английский

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Current Knowledge about Gastric Microbiota with Special Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Conditions

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(5), P. 4991 - 5009

Published: May 20, 2024

The gastric milieu, because of its very low acidic pH, is harsh for bacterial growth. discovery Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) has opened a new avenue studies on the microbiota, thus indicating that stomach not sterile environment. Nowadays, technologies identification have demonstrated existence other microorganisms in habitat, which play an important role health and disease. This bacterium possesses arsenal compounds enable survival but, at same time, damage mucosa. Toxins, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolar cytotoxin lipopolysaccharides, adhesins, determine inflammatory status mucosa may become chronic, ultimately leading to carcinoma. In initial stage, H.p. persistence alters microbiota with condition dysbiosis, predisposing inflammation. Probiotics prebiotics exhibit beneficial effects infection, and, among them, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial activities are major ones. Moreover, association probiotics (synbiotics) conventional anti-H.p. therapy contributes more efficacious eradication bacterium. Also, polyphenols, largely present vegetal kingdom, been alleviate H.p.-dependent pathologies, even including inhibition tumorigenesis. composition disease described. Then, cellular molecular mechanisms H.p.-mediated clarified. Finally, use probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols experimental models patients infected discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Immune Response to Helicobacter pylori Antigens and Its Relevance in Gastric Disorders

Gastrointestinal Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 6 - 6

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) is a Gram-negative bacterium endowed with gastric tropism. H.p. infection widely spread throughout the world, accounting for various pathologies, such as peptic ulcer, cancer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and extra-gastric manifestations. This possesses several virulence factors, e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS), toxins CagA VacA, adhesins, which elicit robust immune response during initial phase of infection. Of note, lipid A moiety LPS exhibits lower endotoxic potency than that other LPSs, thus facilitating through mechanism escape. colonization mucosa induces an protective innate cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, engulf kill bacteria. Moreover, same along epithelial secrete cytokines chemokines, recruit T cells [T helper (h)1 Th17 cells] to site infection, leading eradication. In large subset individuals, perturbation equilibrium leads harmful response, expansion regulatory (TREG) suppress response. fact, TREG via production interleukin (IL)-10, downregulate Th1- Th17-related cytokines, allowing survival perpetuation inflammation. As far humoral concerned, B upon stimulation, produce autoreactive antibodies, IgG anti-Lex antibodies are mucosa. this review, structure function antigenic components mechanisms elicited by will be described in relation damage.

Language: Английский

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New perspectives on gastric disorders: the relationship between innate lymphoid cells and microbes in the stomach

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

A growing number of studies in recent years have revealed the changes gastric microbiota during development diseases, breaking stereotype that stomach is hostile to microorganisms beyond H. pylori. After a decade intensive research, discovery innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided new perspective on immune response many diseases. In context defense against infectious pathogens, pre-existing mechanism tissue-resident ILCs can rapidly recognize and respond microbes eliminate infection at earliest stages. Here, we outline basic function mucosa shaping microbiome. We discuss interactions between ILCs, explaining how actively drive bacterial pathogens lead disease.

Language: Английский

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Helicobacter pylori and the immune system: Genetics, epigenetics and treatment aspects

Pharmacia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 1 - 15

Published: March 25, 2025

Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the human population worldwide. Persistence and colonization this bacterium in host result genetic epigenetic alteration intra-complicated reactions that enhance innate adaptive immune responses, which lead to development several gastrointestinal illnesses increase risk for gastric cancer progression. Even World Health Organization (WHO) classified a first group carcinogens; also, it has been associated with multiple extra implications such as autoimmune disease cardiovascular disease, thereby being considered highly infectious pathogen critical health problem globally. Detection infection facilitates prognosis suitable treatment enhances eradication prevent further implication. The aim review is convey aspects related infection, understand clarify changes, response, pathogenicity virulence factors involved well diagnostic options, fundamental strategy rate reinfection among variable individuals.

Language: Английский

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Potential Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Autoimmune Disorders: A Narrative Review

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107572 - 107572

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Innate lymphoid cells, immune functional dynamics, epithelial parallels, and therapeutic frontiers in infections

International Reviews of Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 28

Published: April 17, 2025

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the field of immunology, expanding our understanding innate immunity beyond conventional paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into multifaceted world ILCs, beginning with their serendipitous discovery and traversing ontogeny heterogeneity. We explore distinct subsets ILCs unraveling intriguing plasticity, which adds a layer complexity to functional repertoire. As we journey through activities address role immune responses against various infections, categorizing interactions helminthic parasites, bacterial pathogens, fungal viral invaders. Notably, this offers detailed examination context specific such Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Citrobacter rodentium, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Influenza virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. selection aimed for exploration infectious contexts, opting microorganisms based on extensive research findings rather than considerations virulence or emergence. Furthermore, raise questions about potential resemblances between epithelial cells, shedding light interconnectedness within mucosal microenvironment. The culminates critical assessment therapeutic prospects targeting during infection, emphasizing promise novel immunotherapeutic targets. Nevertheless, due recent evolving understanding, effectively manipulating is challenging. Ensuring specificity safety while evaluating long-term effects clinical settings will be crucial.

Language: Английский

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Trained Immunity and Trained Tolerance: The Case of Helicobacter pylori Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 5856 - 5856

Published: May 28, 2024

Trained immunity is a concept in immunology which innate immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, exhibit enhanced responsiveness memory-like characteristics following initial contact with pathogenic stimulus that may promote more effective defense subsequent the same pathogen. Helicobacter pylori, bacterium colonizes stomach lining, etiologically associated various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma, extra disorders. It has been demonstrated repeated exposure to H. pylori can induce trained cells of mucosa, become responsive better able respond infections. However, interactions between are intricate produce both beneficial detrimental effects. infection characterized histologically presence an acute chronic inflammatory response called acute-on-chronic inflammation, or gastritis. The clinical outcomes ongoing inflammation include intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, dysplasia. These mechanisms also reduce immunotolerance trigger autoimmune pathologies host. This review focuses on relationship underscores dynamic interplay system pathogen context colonization inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Candidate Antigens and the Development of Helicobacter pylori Vaccines

Helicobacter, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) mostly occurs during childhood, and persistent infection may lead to severe gastric diseases even cancer. Currently, the primary method for eradicating Hp is through antibiotic treatment. However, increasing multidrug resistance in strains has diminished effectiveness of treatments. Vaccination could potentially serve as an effective intervention resolve this issue. Aims Through extensive research analysis vital protein characteristics involved infection, we aim provide references subsequent vaccine antigen selection. Additionally, summarize current development vaccines order assistance future research. Materials Methods Utilizing databases PubMed Web Science, a comprehensive search was conducted compile articles pertaining antigens vaccines. The salient aspects these were then summarized detailed overview landscape field. Results Several potential have been identified introduced thorough understanding process pathogenic mechanisms Hp. conserved widely distributed candidate Hp, such UreB, HpaA, GGT, NAP, are discussed. Proteins CagA VacA, which significant virulence effects but relatively poor conservatism, require further evaluation. Emerging like HtrA dupA value. In addition, based on compiled summarized. Conclusions Vaccines promising preventing treating While some achieved results, mature products not yet available market. Great efforts directed toward developing various types vaccines, underscoring need developers select appropriate formulations improve success rates.

Language: Английский

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Four novel anti-adhesive activity peptides against Helicobacter pylori derived from rice bran protein: release, identification and anti-adhesive mechanisms elucidation

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 8418 - 8431

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

H. pylori is a highly pathogenic and prevalent pathogen that class I carcinogen. More than 50% of the world's population infected with pylori. An anti-adhesive strategy an effective way to antagonize infection, which does not cause resistance safer compared antibiotic therapy. In present study, obtain rice bran protein-derived activity peptides against pylori, efficient enzymatic hydrolysis system was established, it found protein hydrolysate prepared under specific conditions possessed The (RPH) 43.74 ± 1.12% (4 mg mL-1), gastric digestion (RPHA) had no significant effect on its activity. Hydrophobic amino acids aromatic were important for Further, 284 peptide sequences potential isolated identified from RPHA. Combined molecular docking results, four novel finally screened, namely LS5 (LSFRL), SN8 (SNTPGMVY), VV7 (VVNFGNL) PV9 (PVLWGVPKG). Among them, showed highest 59.64 2.00% mL-1). These could bind adhesins BabA SabA, occupying binding sites cell receptors acting as anti-adhesion agents. conclusion, can be used development functional foods antagonizing infection.

Language: Английский

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