The world faces a new viral threat: monkeypox DOI Open Access

Archana Reddy Bongurala,

Sandhya J. Kadam, Vy H. Nguyen

et al.

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease, has re-emerged globally, presenting significant public health challenge. Initially affecting primarily men who have sex with men, the virus demonstrated broader transmission patterns, raising concerns about its potential to become endemic. The recent outbreak highlighted rapid spread of Monkeypox through close contact, particularly during sexual activity. This shift in dynamics necessitates robust global response, including surveillance systems, contact tracing, and vaccination campaigns. Understanding virus's epidemiology, clinical manifestations, routes is crucial for effective prevention control. While supportive care remains primary treatment, antiviral medications vaccines offer additional tools mitigate impact outbreaks. Continued vigilance timely interventions are essential prevent further protect health.

Language: Английский

Complete Genome Sequencing, Annotation, and Mutational Profiling of the Novel Clade I Human Mpox Virus, Kamituga Strain DOI Creative Commons

Leandre Murhula Masirika,

Anuj Kumar,

Mansi Dutt

et al.

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(04), P. 600 - 608

Published: April 30, 2024

Introduction: Human Mpox (formerly monkeypox) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the virus (MPXV). We describe complete genome annotation, phylogeny, and mutational profile of a novel, sustained Clade I outbreak in city Kamituga Eastern Democratic Republic Congo (DRC). Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational, cohort study was performed among patients all ages admitted to Hospital with symptoms between late September 2023 January 2024. DNA isolated from swabbed lesions sequenced followed phylogenetic analysis, profiling. Results: ongoing Kamituga, South Kivu Province, Congo. Whole-genome sequencing viral RNA samples revealed, on average, 201.5 snps, 28 insertions, 81 deletions, 2 indels, 312.5 total variants, 158.3 amino acid changes, 81.66 intergenic 72.16 synonymous mutations, 106 missense 41.16 frameshift 3.33 inframe deletions across six samples. By assigning mutations at proteome level for MPXV sequences, we observed that seven proteins, namely, C9L (OPG047), I4L (OPG080), L6R (OPG105), A17L (OPG143), A25R (OPG151), A28L (OPG153), B21R (OPG210) have emerged as hot spot based consensuses acids substitutions. Based outcome found deletion D14L (OPG032) gene Following analysis whole assembly, determined this cluster infections genetically distinct previously reported outbreaks, thus propose represents novel subgroup (subgroup VI) MPXV. Conclusions: Here report first time. This presents oubtreaks, suggesting (we term VI). These findings underscore need vigilance continued threats endemic regions.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Unveiling the Global Surge of Mpox (Monkeypox): A comprehensive review of current evidence DOI Creative Commons
Phelipe Magalhães Duarte, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Swagatika Priyadarsini

et al.

The Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100141 - 100141

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about novel transmission route, specifically through sexual contact, evolution of more transmissible strains. Complicating matters further is documented spillback mpox from humans to animals, raising potential for new animal reservoirs. study utilized systematic approach gather, analyse, interpret data regarding global outbreaks, phylogenomics, human APOBEC3 enzyme activity, antiviral resistance issues, application One Health intervention. Emphasizing covers various aspects, zoonotic origins, pathogenesis, changing epidemiological landscapes, phylogenomic diversity, clade dynamics. review underscores crucial role collaboration in understanding combatting making it valuable resource shaping effective prevention control measures on scale.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Dynamics of Mpox in an HIV endemic community: A mathematical modelling approach DOI Creative Commons
Andrew Omame, Sarafa A. Iyaniwura, Qing Han

et al.

Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 225 - 259

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

<p>During the 2022 monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak in non-endemic countries, sexual transmission was identified as dominant mode of transmission, and particularly affected community men who have sex with (MSM). This experienced highest incidence Mpox cases, exacerbating public health burden they already face due to disproportionate impact HIV. Given simultaneous spread HIV within MSM community, it is crucial understand how these diseases interact. Specifically, since endemic this population, understanding its influence on control essential. In study, we analyze a mechanistic mathematical model explore potential dynamics community. The considered work incorporates two diseases, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) for We assumed that population at onset outbreak. Through our analysis, derived invasion reproduction number an HIV-endemic setting established existence local asymptotic stability Mpox-free equilibrium under conditions. Furthermore, demonstrated Mpox-endemic regime. Notably, findings revealed exhibits backward bifurcation, phenomenon may not occurred absence population. significance results presence could hinder efforts Mpox, allowing disease become even when below one. Additionally, found might be more challenging scenarios where increases susceptibility Mpox. Finally, consistent previous studies, analysis confirms reducing contact can effective controlling community.</p>

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Mpox in Pregnancy: Unraveling the Maternal-Fetal Risks of a Re-Emerging Disease, a narrative review DOI Creative Commons
Benedetta Rossi, Giorgio Tiecco,

Jacopo Logiudice

et al.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 102758 - 102758

Published: March 13, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Evaluating the Binding Potential and Stability of Drug-like Compounds with the Monkeypox Virus VP39 Protein Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free Energy Analysis DOI Creative Commons
A. M. El Hassan, Hattan S. Gattan, Arwa A. Faizo

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 1617 - 1617

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Background/Objectives: Monkeypox is a re-emerging viral disease with features of infectiously transmitted zoonoses. It now considered public health priority because its rising incidence and transmission from person to person. virus (MPXV) VP39 protein identified as an essential for replication the virus, therefore, it potential target antiviral drugs. Methods: This work analyzes binding affinities differential conformational stability three compounds one control compound through multiple computational methods. Results: The re-docking analysis revealed that had high towards protein; among these compounds, 1 2 showed highest energies in virtual screening, thus, were most active inhibitor candidates. Intermolecular interaction distinct mechanisms. While very strong hydrogen bonds hydrophobic interactions, numerous water-mediated 3 only ionic contacts. In molecular dynamic simulations, protein-ligand complexes stable conformation, RMSD values around Å both compounds. contrast, was slightly flexible, more flexible. MM/GBSA again supported results, which gave free also supportive Conclusions: Notably, all selected especially 2, demonstrate affinity. Therefore, can be further tested agents against monkeypox treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Development and Validation of LAMP Assays for Distinguishing MPXV Clades with Fluorescent and Colorimetric Readouts DOI Creative Commons
Nazente Atçeken, Sara Asghari Dilmani, Ahmed Abdullah

et al.

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 23 - 23

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Human monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). As of 14 August 2024, World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it global health emergency. For Mpox, this was second public emergency significance in past two years. MPXV belongs to Poxviridae family and phylogenetically epidemically divided into clades: Congo Basin (Clade-I) West African (Clade-II) clades. Clade-I been associated with more severe progression higher mortality compared Clade-II, thus differentiation between clades can play an important role predicting prognosis. The LAMP technique advantages not requiring thermal cycling achieving amplification shorter time qPCR. Different types assays were developed study benefit from these advantages. We report development LAMP-1 LAMP-2 using method detect respectively. assay includes both fluorescence visible colorimetric readout tests sensitivities 103 107 copies, assay, probe-based test utilizing Novel R-Duplex DARQ probe developed, offering detection at sensitivity copies. result, we successfully three highly specific molecular diagnostic that distinctly differentiate clades, delivering essential tools for precise diagnosis effective control Mpox.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review DOI Creative Commons
Nourhan G. Naga,

Enas A. Nawar,

A’laa A. Mobarak

et al.

Tropical Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an enclosed, double-stranded DNA from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also contains variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. MPXV, was once confined to West Central Africa, has recently had a rebound, spreading beyond its original range since 2017. The distinguished by unique morphology, includes oval or brick-shaped structure complex lipid protein makeup. current multi-country outbreak designated public health emergency in 2022, highlighted MPXV’s shifting epidemiology ability spread rapidly over globe. ‘No one safe until everyone safe’ slogan we often heard during COVID-19 pandemic, now required for growing global regional mpox outbreaks. epidemic divided into two clades: Clade I II, have distinct pathogenic characteristics. Diagnostic approaches developed with advances molecular techniques, yet problems persist resource-constrained situations. This overview summarizes virus’s history, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, offering insights recent comeback response efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A Review of the Molecular Understanding of the Mpox Virus (MPXV): Genomics, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Targets DOI Creative Commons
Edgar Cambaza

Zoonotic Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The Mpox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen from the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as significant global public health concern, especially after unprecedented outbreak in 2022. This review synthesizes MPXV’s molecular features, focusing on its genomic structure, replication mechanisms, immune evasion strategies, and implications for diagnostics therapeutics. study examines virus’s organization utilizing recent peer-reviewed literature, highlighting essential genes like OPG027 D1L, which contribute to host adaptation, increased transmissibility, evasion. Advances diagnostics, including real-time PCR genome sequencing, are reviewed, emphasizing their critical role monitoring control. However, challenges persist, such diagnostic limitations resource-constrained settings lack of targeted vaccines antivirals. discusses new antiviral candidates, confirmed through computational vitro techniques, identifying thymidine kinase VP39 key therapeutic targets. Emphasizing need surveillance track adaptive evolution, results show that particular mutations, D1L genes, increase transmissibility MPXV. These revelations highlight urgent necessity better catered towards addressing present constraints developing focused treatments reduce effect virus. emphasizes how these underscore combined plans handle changing MPXV epidemiology properly.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Mpox Virus as a Global Public Health Emergency: A Scoping Review DOI Creative Commons
Sathish Sankar, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Yean K. Yong

et al.

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The monkeypox (Mpox) virus has emerged as a global public health emergency of international concern recently. that was endemic in West and Central Africa now been reported with chains transmission to several countries. A scoping review carried out from the relevant literature available PubMed, Scopus Web Science. This comprehensive analysis describes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications including secondary bacterial infections, diagnosis, treatment vaccination. article underscores significance key viral immune mediators infection discusses updated recommendations on therapeutic strategies

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Mpox: Global epidemic situation and countermeasures DOI Creative Commons

Wen-Shuang Hou,

Nan Wu,

Yanzhi Liu

et al.

Virulence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Mpox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and primarily endemic to Africa. As countries gradually stop smallpox vaccination, resistance declining, increasing risk of infection with mpox other viruses. On 14 August 2024, World Health Organization announced that spread constituted public health emergency international concern. Mpox's transmission routes symptoms are complex pose new challenges global health. Several vaccines (such as ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, LC16m8, genetically engineered vaccines) antiviral drugs tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, varicella immunoglobulin intravenous injection) have been developed marketed prevent control this disease. This review aims introduce epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, physiological pathological preventive measures for in detail, provide scientific basis prevention viruses worldwide.

Language: Английский

Citations

1