Biology of Sex Differences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: July 23, 2024
Abstract
Background
Sexual
differentiation
of
the
brain
occurs
in
all
major
vertebrate
lineages
but
is
not
well
understood
at
a
molecular
and
cellular
level.
Unlike
most
vertebrates,
sex-changing
fishes
have
remarkable
ability
to
change
reproductive
sex
during
adulthood
response
social
stimuli,
offering
unique
opportunity
understand
mechanisms
by
which
nervous
system
can
initiate
coordinate
sexual
differentiation.
Methods
This
study
explores
forebrain
using
single
nucleus
RNA-sequencing
anemonefish
Amphiprion
ocellaris
,
producing
first
atlas
brain.
Results
We
uncover
extensive
differences
cell
type-specific
gene
expression,
relative
proportions
cells,
baseline
neuronal
excitation,
predicted
inter-neuronal
communication.
Additionally,
we
identify
cholecystokinin,
galanin,
estrogen
systems
as
central
axes
Supported
these
findings,
propose
model
conserved
decision-making
network
spanning
multiple
subtypes
neurons
glia,
including
subpopulations
within
preoptic
area
that
are
positioned
regulate
gonadal
Conclusions
work
deepens
our
understanding
defines
rich
suite
pathways
differentiate
adult
anemonefish.
Journal of Proteome Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Variation
in
parenting
behavior
is
widespread
across
the
animal
kingdom,
both
within
and
between
species.
There
are
two
ecotypes
of
three-spined
stickleback
fish
(Gasterosteus
aculeatus)
that
exhibit
dramatic
differences
their
paternal
behavior.
Males
common
ecotype
highly
attentive
fathers,
tending
to
young
from
eggs
fry,
while
males
white
desert
offspring
as
eggs.
As
pituitary
a
key
regulator
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
axis
hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal
(HPG)
brain
body,
its
peptides
may
influence
behaviors.
Here,
we
utilized
matrix-assisted
laser
desorption
ionization
mass
spectrometry
(MALDI-MS)
for
high-throughput
peptide
analysis
single
cells
pituitaries
ecotypes.
Peptide
fingerprinting
was
performed
using
an
silico
generated
library
identify
detected
prohormones.
Differential
revealed
POMC-derived
peptides,
MCH-derived
oxytocin
significantly
different
ecotypes,
with
higher
levels
ecotype.
Interestingly,
these
subtle
chemical
were
not
captured
by
Leiden
clustering
cellular
phenotypes.
These
results
call
further
investigation
neurochemical
basis
sticklebacks.
Neuroendocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 41
Published: Jan. 16, 2024
The
caudal
neurosecretory
system
(CNSS)
is
a
neuroendocrine
complex,
whose
existence
specific
to
fishes.
In
teleosts,
it
consists
of
cells
(Dahlgren
cells)
fibers
are
associated
with
neurohemal
terminal
tissue
(urophysis).
other
actinopterygians
as
well
in
chondrichthyes,
the
devoid
urophysis,
so
that
Dahlgren
end
diffuse
region.
Structurally,
has
many
similarities
hypothalamic-neurohypophysial
system.
However,
differs
regarding
its
position
at
spinal
cord
and
nature
hormones
secretes,
most
notable
ones
being
urotensins.
CNSS
was
first
described
more
than
60
years
ago,
but
embryological
origin
still
hypothetical,
role
poorly
understood.
Observations
experimental
data
gave
some
evidences
possible
involvement
osmoregulation,
stress
reproduction.
But
one
may
question
benefit
for
fish
possess
this
second
system,
while
central
hypothalamic-pituitary
complex
already
controls
such
functions.
As
an
introduction
our
review,
brief
report
on
discovery
given.
A
description
organization
follows,
review
then
focuses
neuroendocrinology
different
factors
produces
secretes.
current
knowledge
ontogenesis
developmental
also
reported,
evolution.
special
focus
finally
given
what
known
potential
physiological
roles.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
1534(1), P. 24 - 44
Published: March 1, 2024
Abstract
This
review
consolidates
current
knowledge
on
mammalian
parental
care,
focusing
its
neural
mechanisms,
evolutionary
origins,
and
derivatives.
Neurobiological
studies
have
identified
specific
neurons
in
the
medial
preoptic
area
as
crucial
for
care.
Unexpectedly,
these
are
characterized
by
expression
of
molecules
signaling
satiety,
such
calcitonin
receptor
BRS3,
overlap
with
involved
reproductive
behaviors
males
but
not
females.
A
synthesis
comparative
ecology
paleontology
suggests
an
scenario
possibly
stemming
from
male‐biased
guarding
offspring
basal
vertebrates.
The
terrestrial
transition
tetrapods
led
to
prolonged
egg
retention
females
emergence
amniotes,
skewing
care
toward
nocturnal
adaptation
Mesozoic
ancestors
reinforced
maternal
lactation
thermal
regulation
via
endothermy,
potentially
introducing
metabolic
gate
control
parenting
neurons.
established
may
served
precursor
paternal
cooperative
mammals
also
fostered
development
group
living,
which
further
contributed
empathy
altruism.
These
evolution‐informed
working
hypotheses
require
empirical
validation,
yet
they
offer
promising
avenues
investigate
underpinnings
social
behaviors.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 179 - 179
Published: Feb. 10, 2025
The
morphological
peculiarities
of
receptor
neurons
and
support
cells
in
the
olfactory
epithelium
male
yellowfin
sculpin
(Cottocomephorus
grewingkii;
Dybowski,
1874)
were
studied
during
pre-spawning,
spawning
(when
males
do
not
feed
have
a
higher
sensitivity
to
female
pheromones),
guarding
(the
fertilized
eggs)
periods.
This
study
was
performed
using
electron
transmission
laser
confocal
microscopy.
Structural
changes
fish
are
associated
with
shift
signals
from
alimentary
pheromonal.
These
results
expand
our
knowledge
odorant-dependent
plasticity
periphery
system.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
533(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Neuropeptides
are
highly
variable
but
widely
conserved
molecules,
the
main
functions
of
which
regulation
and
coordination
physiological
processes
behaviors.
They
synthesized
in
nervous
system
generally
act
on
other
neuronal
non‐neuronal
tissues
or
organs.
In
recent
years,
diverse
neuropeptide
isoforms
their
receptors
have
been
identified
different
fish
species,
regulating
neuroendocrine
(e.g.,
corticotropin‐releasing
hormone
arginine
vasotocin),
immune
vasoactive
intestinal
polypeptide
somatostatin),
digestive
Y),
reproductive
isotocin)
systems,
as
well
commensal
microbiota.
Interestingly,
all
these
carried
out
by
neuropeptides
integrated
into
manifested
externally
behavior
affective
states
fish,
thus
having
an
impact
modulation
actions.
this
sense,
monitoring
may
represent
a
new
approach
to
assess
animal
welfare,
targeting
both
aspects
fish.
Therefore,
although
there
many
studies
investigating
action
wide
range
paradigms,
especially
mammals,
study
within
welfare
framework
is
scarce.
To
best
our
knowledge,
first
review
that
gathers
integrates
up‐to‐date
information
from
perspective.
review,
we
summarize
current
findings
discuss
possible
implication
emotional
state
therefore
welfare.
Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4, P. 234 - 245
Published: April 18, 2025
In
the
previous
work,
starting
mechanism
of
neuroendocrine
regulation
fish
reproduction
was
described
in
form
“Migration
Impulse”,
where
for
first
time
world
literature,
a
complex
synchronous
effect
participation
hypothalamic-hypophysial
neurosecretory
system
(NS)
initiation
shown
on
basis
ecological-histophysiological
research
method.
The
purpose
this
study
to
clarify
degree
NS
process
valuable
species
(Acipenseridae
and
Salmonidae)
with
various
biological
features
spawning.
spawning
by
histomorphological,
immunohistochemical
electron-microscopic
techniques
using
quantitative
morphometry.
Processes
activation
nonapeptide
neurohormones
synthesis
excretion
at
beginning
soon
after
subsequent
decrease
their
functional
activity
its
completion
revealed
each
species,
regardless
season
(spring,
autumn
winter
spawning:
Acipenser,
Oncorhynchus,
Lota).
A
similar
reaction
can
be
traced
experiments
under
stress
hypertonic
medium
adult
Acipenseridae
fish.
biphasic
NS,
corresponding
stages
anxiety
(alarm
reaction)
resistance,
is
considered
as
reflection
ensuring
body
protective
adaptive
reactions
physiological
that
occurs
during
period
polycyclic
monocyclic
immediately
spawning,
there
blockade
from
posterior
neurohypophysis
(NH),
extreme
inhibition
stress.
Thus,
initiates
completes
it
participating
body’s
natural
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Dec. 8, 2023
In
zebrafish,
estrogens
produced
in
the
ovaries
via
Cyp19a1a
activity
are
required
for
both
sexual
differentiation
of
ovary
during
early
development
as
well
maintenance
ovarian
state
adulthood.
The
importance
Cyp19a1b
that
is
highly
expressed
brain
female
reproduction
still
under
study.
We
previously
reported
cyp19a1b
-/-
mutant
zebrafish
have
significantly
lower
estradiol
levels
and
impaired
spawning
behavior
characterized
by
an
increased
latency
to
oviposition
dyadic
encounters.
current
study,
we
provide
evidence
delayed
mutants
linked
arginine
vasopressin
(Avp)
signaling.
Droplet
digital
PCR
experiments
revealed
estrogen
receptors,
avp
,
oxytocin
(
oxt
)
hypothalamus
females
compared
wildtype
fish.
then
used
acute
intraperitoneal
injections
Avp
Oxt,
along
with
mixtures
their
respective
receptor
antagonists,
determine
can
uniquely
rescue
mutants.
Using
immunohistochemistry,
demonstrated
Cyp19a1b-expressing
radial
glial
cell
(RGC)
fibers
surround
contact
Avp-immunopositive
neurons
preoptic
areas
brain.
This
could
neuroanatomical
proximity
RGC-derived
diffuse
activate
receptors
regulate
expression
levels.
Together
these
findings
identify
a
positive
link
between
behavior.
They
also
suggest
behavioral
phenotype
likely
consequence
processing
Avp-dependent
social
cues
important
mate
identification
assessment.
