JCI Insight,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(13)
Published: May 28, 2024
Staphylococcus
aureus
is
a
major
human
pathogen.
An
effective
anti–S.
vaccine
remains
elusive
as
the
correlates
of
protection
are
ill-defined.
Targeting
specific
T
cell
populations
an
important
strategy
for
improving
efficacy.
Potential
bottlenecks
that
remain
S.
aureus–induced
immunosuppression
and
impact
this
might
have
on
vaccine-induced
immunity.
induces
IL-10,
which
impedes
effector
responses,
facilitating
persistence
during
both
colonization
infection.
Thus,
it
was
hypothesized
transient
targeting
IL-10
represent
innovative
way
to
improve
In
study,
expression
elevated
in
nares
persistent
carriers
aureus,
associated
with
reduced
systemic
aureus–specific
Th1
responses.
This
suggests
responses
remodeled
because
commensal
exposure
negatively
implicates
function.
To
provide
proof
concept
immunosuppressive
immunization
may
be
useful
approach
efficacy,
we
immunized
mice
cell–activating
vaccines
combination
IL-10–neutralizing
antibodies.
Blocking
vaccination
enhanced
improved
bacterial
clearance
subsequent
subcutaneous
Taken
together,
these
results
reveal
potentially
novel
Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(5), P. 606 - 606
Published: April 29, 2022
Staphylococcus
aureus
(S.
aureus)
is
a
Gram-positive
bacterium
that
may
cause
life-threatening
diseases
and
some
minor
infections
in
living
organisms.
However,
it
shows
notorious
effects
when
becomes
resistant
to
antibiotics.
Strain
variants
of
bacteria,
viruses,
fungi,
parasites
have
become
existing
multiple
antimicrobials
are
termed
as
superbugs.
Methicillin
semisynthetic
antibiotic
drug
was
used
inhibit
staphylococci
pathogens.
The
S.
methicillin
known
methicillin-resistant
(MRSA),
which
became
superbug
due
its
defiant
activity
against
the
antibiotics
medications
most
commonly
treat
major
infections.
Successful
MRSA
infection
management
involves
rapid
identification
infected
site,
culture
susceptibility
tests,
evidence-based
treatment,
appropriate
preventive
protocols.
This
review
describes
clinical
pathogenesis,
recent
developments
diagnosis,
antimicrobial
treatment
choices
for
MRSA.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(9), P. 974 - 1002
Published: April 15, 2024
Lower
respiratory
infections
(LRIs)
are
a
major
global
contributor
to
morbidity
and
mortality.
In
2020-21,
non-pharmaceutical
interventions
associated
with
the
COVID-19
pandemic
reduced
not
only
transmission
of
SARS-CoV-2,
but
also
other
LRI
pathogens.
Tracking
incidence
mortality,
as
well
pathogens
responsible,
can
guide
health-system
responses
funding
priorities
reduce
future
burden.
We
present
estimates
from
Global
Burden
Diseases,
Injuries,
Risk
Factors
Study
(GBD)
2021
burden
non-COVID-19
LRIs
corresponding
aetiologies
1990
2021,
inclusive
effects
on
mortality
select
viruses,
globally,
regionally,
for
204
countries
territories.
Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 76 - 76
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Since
its
initial
description
in
the
1960s,
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
(MRSA)
has
developed
multiple
mechanisms
for
antimicrobial
resistance
and
evading
immune
system,
including
biofilm
production.
MRSA
is
now
a
widespread
pathogen,
causing
spectrum
of
infections
ranging
from
superficial
skin
issues
to
severe
conditions
like
osteoarticular
endocarditis,
leading
high
morbidity
mortality.
Biofilm
production
key
aspect
MRSA’s
ability
invade,
spread,
resist
treatments.
Environmental
factors,
such
as
suboptimal
antibiotics,
pH,
temperature,
tissue
oxygen
levels,
enhance
formation.
Biofilms
are
intricate
bacterial
structures
with
dense
organisms
embedded
polysaccharides,
promoting
their
resilience.
The
process
involves
stages
attachment,
expansion,
maturation,
eventually
disassembly
or
dispersion.
formation
complex
molecular
foundation,
involving
genes
icaADBC,
fnbA,
fnbB,
clfA,
clfB,
atl,
agr,
sarA,
sarZ,
sigB,
sarX,
psm,
icaR,
srtA.
Recognizing
pivotal
led
potential
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
elemental
enzymatic
properties
combat
biofilms.
This
review
provides
practical
approach
healthcare
practitioners,
addressing
pathogenesis,
disease
spectrum,
management
guidelines,
advances
treatment.
Effective
appropriate
therapy,
surgical
interventions,
foreign
body
removal,
robust
infection
control
practices
curtail
spread
within
environments.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 2655 - 2655
Published: Feb. 24, 2024
One
of
the
key
mechanisms
enabling
bacterial
cells
to
create
biofilms
and
regulate
crucial
life
functions
in
a
global
highly
synchronized
way
is
communication
system
called
quorum
sensing
(QS).
QS
cell-to-cell
process
that
depends
on
population
density
mediated
by
small
signalling
molecules
autoinducers
(AIs).
In
bacteria,
controls
biofilm
formation
through
regulation
gene
expression
involved
extracellular
polymeric
matrix
(EPS)
synthesis,
virulence
factor
production,
stress
tolerance
metabolic
adaptation.
Forming
one
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR).
A
common
feature
human
pathogens
ability
form
biofilm,
which
poses
serious
medical
issue
due
their
high
susceptibility
traditional
antibiotics.
Because
associated
with
formation,
there
belief
inhibition
activity
quenching
(QQ)
may
provide
alternative
therapeutic
methods
for
treating
microbial
infections.
This
review
summarises
recent
progress
research,
focusing
biofilms,
especially
those
formed
pathogenic
become
resistant
antibiotic
treatment.
Subsequently,
potential
approach
highlighting
innovative
non-antibiotic
strategies
control
AMR
bacteria
has
been
discussed.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 24 - 24
Published: Dec. 21, 2022
Enterococcus
faecalis,
faecium
and
Staphylococcus
aureus
are
both
common
commensals
major
opportunistic
human
pathogens.
In
recent
decades,
these
bacteria
have
acquired
broad
resistance
to
several
classes
of
antibiotics,
including
commonly
employed
glycopeptides.
Exemplified
by
vancomycin,
glycopeptide
is
mediated
through
intrinsic
gene
mutations,
and/or
transferrable
van
cassette-carrying
mobile
genetic
elements.
Here,
this
review
will
discuss
the
epidemiology
vancomycin-resistant
S.
in
healthcare,
community,
agricultural
settings,
explore
vancomycin
context
non-van
development
provide
insights
into
alternative
therapeutic
approaches
aimed
at
treating
drug-resistant
infections.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(7), P. 1264 - 1264
Published: July 20, 2023
The
clinical
use
of
antibiotics
has
led
to
the
emergence
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
bacteria,
leading
current
antibiotic
resistance
crisis.
To
address
this
issue,
next-generation
vaccines
are
being
developed
prevent
antimicrobial
caused
by
MDR
bacteria.
Traditional
vaccine
platforms,
such
as
inactivated
(IVs)
and
live
attenuated
(LAVs),
were
effective
in
preventing
bacterial
infections.
However,
they
have
shown
reduced
efficacy
against
emerging
antibiotic-resistant
including
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 4025 - 4025
Published: Feb. 16, 2023
Staphylococcus
aureus
is
an
important
pathogen
that
causes
a
high
number
of
infections
and
one
the
leading
death
in
hospitalized
patients.
Widespread
antibiotic
resistance
such
as
methicillin-resistant
S.
(MRSA)
has
prompted
research
into
potential
anti-virulence-targeted
approaches.
Targeting
accessory
gene
regulator
(Agr)
quorum-sensing
system,
master
virulence,
most
frequently
proposed
anti-virulence
strategy
for
aureus.
While
much
effort
been
put
discovery
screening
Agr
inhibitory
compounds,
vivo
analysis
their
efficacy
animal
infection
models
still
rare
reveals
various
shortcomings
problems.
These
include
(i)
almost
exclusive
focus
on
topical
skin
models,
(ii)
technical
problems
leave
doubt
to
whether
observed
effects
are
due
quorum-quenching,
(iii)
counterproductive
biofilm-increasing
effects.
Furthermore,
potentially
because
latter,
invasive
associated
with
dysfunctionality.
Altogether,
drugs
nowadays
seen
low
enthusiasm
given
failure
provide
sufficient
evidence
after
more
than
two
decades
since
initiation
efforts.
However,
current
inhibition-based
probiotic
approaches
may
lead
new
application
inhibition
strategies
preventing
by
targeting
colonization
or
otherwise
difficult-to-treat
atopic
dermatitis.
