Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Allergy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(11), P. 2851 - 2874

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Abstract The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging nano‐technologies patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts unbiased data enabling in‐depth disease characterization. New endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases triggered the gradual transition from a description focused on symptoms identifying biomarkers intricate pathogenetic metabolic pathways. Consequently, current taxonomy be revised better categorization. This European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds this challenge provides modern nomenclature diseases, which respects earlier classifications back early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell Coombs extended into nine different types comprising antibody‐ (I‐III), cell‐mediated (IVa‐c), tissue‐driven mechanisms (V‐VI) direct response chemicals (VII). Types I‐III are linked classical newly clinical conditions. Type IVa‐c specified detailed according understanding T1, T2 T3 responses. V‐VI involve epithelial barrier defects metabolic‐induced immune dysregulation, while cellular inflammatory responses covered type VII. It is notable that several combinations mixed may appear setting. relevance approach allergy practice will conferred another article follow year, aiming at showing where can overlap evolve over lifetime.

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7910 - 7910

Published: April 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Language: Английский

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The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Meta-Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 15330 - 15330

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Obesity is a global epidemic representing serious public health burden as it major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke and all-cause mortality. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, also known meta-inflammation, thought to underly obesity’s negative consequences, which include insulin resistance type 2 diabetes. Meta-inflammation characterized by accumulation immune cells in adipose tissue, deregulation synthesis release adipokines pronounced increase production proinflammatory factors. In this state, infiltration macrophages their metabolic activation contributes complex paracrine autocrine signaling, sustains microenvironment. A key signaling pathway mediating response adipocytes microenvironment excessive nutrients phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. This multifaceted network not only transduces information but regulates macrophages’ intracellular changes, are responsible phenotypic switch towards more state. present review, we discuss how crosstalk between meta-inflammation provide an overview on involvement PI3K/Akt pathway, its impairment resistance.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 200 - 211

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Macrophages: shapes and functions

ChemTexts, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: March 10, 2022

Abstract Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system and represent an important component first-line defense against pathogens tumor cells. Here, their diverse functions in inflammation described, mechanisms, tools, activation pathways states applied presented. The main focus is on role origin reactive oxygen species (ROS), signal TLR/NF-κB, M1/​​M2 polarization macrophages. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 10, 2024

Macrophages are crucial cells in the human body's innate immunity and engaged a variety of non-inflammatory reactions. can develop into two kinds when stimulated by distinct internal environments: pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. During inflammation, activated alternatively, maintaining reasonably steady ratio is critical for homeostasis

Language: Английский

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Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and metabolic syndrome and its components: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a worldwide public health problem, affects human and quality of life in dramatic manner. A growing evidence base suggests that MetS is strongly associated with levels systemic immune inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between immune-inflammation index (SII), novel inflammatory marker, provide data support for effective prevention by reducing response. Methods We included adult participants complete SII information from 2011–2016 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). was defined as using criteria developed Adult Treatment Program III Cholesterol Education Program. formula follows: = platelet counts × neutrophil counts/ lymphocyte counts. Weighted linear regression used assess differences variables across quartile groups after score divided into 4 quartiles. independent interaction investigated weighted multivariate logistic analysis subgroup analysis, 5 particular items further explored depth. Results total 12,402 participants, 3,489 whom were diagnosed MetS, this study. After correcting covariates, results multistage complex sampling revealed higher scores had chance developing (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.55) could be an risk factor predict likelihood onset. In Q1–Q4 group, 1.33 times Q4 which highest level inflammation than Q1 group. adjusting all confounding factors, found have negative correlation high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.29; CI, 0.99–1.67, P 0.056) significant positive waist circumference 2.17; 1.65–2.87, < 0.001) blood pressure (BP) 1.65; 1.20–2.27, 0.003). Gender, age, smoking status shown alter association analyses tests ( p 0.05). Additionally, we demonstrated nonlinear MetS. findings restricted cubic spline indicated there inverted U-shaped Conclusions Our imply increased are related may simple cost-effective method identify individuals Therefore, protective measures such early investigation anti-inflammatory interventions necessary reduce overall incidence

Language: Английский

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Diabetes mellitus promotes susceptibility to periodontitis—novel insight into the molecular mechanisms

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a main risk factor for periodontitis, but until now, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. can increase pathogenicity of periodontal microbiota and inflammatory/host immune response periodontium. Hyperglycemia induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production enhances oxidative stress (OS), exacerbating tissue destruction. Furthermore, alveolar bone resorption damage epigenetic changes in induced by diabetes may also contribute to periodontitis. We will review latest clinical data on evidence promoting susceptibility periodontitis from epidemiological, mechanistic, potential therapeutic targets discuss possible mechanistic targets, focusing particular novel OS. Understanding intertwined pathogenesis explain cross-interference between endocrine metabolic inflammatory diseases better, provide theoretical basis new systemic holistic treatment, promote interprofessional collaboration physicians dentists.

Language: Английский

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The Pathogenesis of Diabetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 6978 - 6978

Published: April 10, 2023

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, with an extremely serious effect on health systems worldwide. It has become a severe, chronic, non-communicable disease after cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Currently, 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia main hallmark The function pancreatic cells gradually declines before onset clinical hyperglycemia. Understanding molecular processes involved in development diabetes can provide care much-needed updates. This review provides current global state diabetes, mechanisms glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated

Language: Английский

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Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) alternatively (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, epigenetic modifications orchestrates polarization, allowing respond stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide comprehensive overview the cascades governing focusing on roles Toll‐like receptors, signal transducer activator transcription proteins, nuclear microRNAs. We also discuss emerging concepts metabolic reprogramming trained immunity, contributing their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays pivotal role in repair regeneration, macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling restore homeostasis. By harnessing potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting polarization could be developed for diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, deeper understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning will pave way innovative regenerative medicine engineering approaches.

Language: Английский

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