A comprehensive review on the composition, biogenesis, purification, and multifunctional role of exosome as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 115087 - 115087

Published: June 29, 2023

All forms of life produce nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which are enclosed in lipid bilayer membranes. Exosomes engage cell-to-cell communication and participate a variety physiological pathological processes. function via their bioactive components, delivered to target cells the form proteins, nucleic acids, lipids. as drug delivery vehicles due unique properties innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, biodistribution, accumulation desired tissues, toxicity normal stimulation anti-cancer immune responses, penetration capacity into distance organs. mediate cellular communications by delivering various molecules including oncogenes, oncomiRs, specific DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering (siRNA), circular (circRNA). These substances can be transferred change transcriptome influence tumor-related signaling pathways. After considering all available literature, this review we discuss biogenesis, composition, production, purification exosomes. We briefly exosome isolation techniques. explore great-length exosomes mechanism for substances, chemicals, chemotherapeutic drugs. also talk about benefits drawbacks This concludes with discussion future perspective challenges. hope that will provide us better understanding current state nanomedicine applications biomedicine.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles and their engineering strategies, delivery systems, and biomedical applications

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 365, P. 1089 - 1123

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Roles of exosomes in immunotherapy for solid cancers

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Although immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress, its efficacy in solid tumours remains unsatisfactory. Exosomes are the main type of extracellular vesicles that can deliver various intracellular molecules to adjacent or distant cells and organs, mediating biological functions. Studies have found exosomes both activate immune system inhibit system. The antigen major histocompatibility complex (MHC) carried make it possible develop them as anticancer vaccines. derived from blood, urine, saliva cerebrospinal fluid be used ideal biomarkers cancer diagnosis prognosis. In recent years, exosome-based therapy great progress fields drug transportation immunotherapy. Here, we review composition sources microenvironment further elaborate on potential mechanisms pathways by which influence for cancers. Moreover, summarize clinical application prospects engineered exosome vaccines Eventually, these findings may open up avenues determining diagnosis, treatment, prognosis

Language: Английский

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CAR-NK cells in combination therapy against cancer: A potential paradigm

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. e27196 - e27196

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Various preclinical and a limited number of clinical studies CAR-NK cells have shown promising results: efficient elimination target without side effects similar to CAR-T therapy. However, the homing infiltration abilities are poor due inhibitory tumor microenvironment. From perspective treatment strategies, combined with biological microenvironment characteristics NK cells, combination therapy strategies anti-PD-1/PD-L1, radiotherapy chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, proteasome STING agonist, oncolytic virus, photothermal therapy, can greatly promote proliferation, migration cytotoxicity cells. In this review, we will summarize targets selection, structure constructions combinational therapies for tumors provide feasible overcoming improving efficacy

Language: Английский

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Combined Role of Interleukin-15 Stimulated Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Carboplatin in Osimertinib-Resistant H1975 Lung Cancer Cells with EGFR Mutations

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 83 - 83

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

In this study, we evaluated IL-15 stimulated natural killer cell-derived EVs (NK-EVs) as therapeutic agents in vitro and vivo Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer (H1975R) with EGFR mutations (L858R) combination carboplatin (CBP). NK-EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation characterized nanoparticle tracking analysis, atomic force microscopy imaging revealed vesicles a spherical form sizes meeting the criteria of exosomal EVs. Further, Western blot studies demonstrated presence regular EV markers along specific NK (perforin granzyme). also proteomic which that had proteins for cell-mediated cytotoxicity (Granzyme B) T cell activation plastin-2). Gene oncology analysis showed these differentially expressed are involved programmed death positive regulation death. cytotoxic to H1975R cells 2D 3D cultures. CBP’s IC50 was reduced approximately cultures when combined NK-EVs. The then CBP administered i.p. route tumor xenografts, significant reduction volume observed. Our findings show first time target PD-L1/PD-1 immunological checkpoint induce apoptosis anti-inflammatory response downregulation SOD2, PARP, BCL2, SET, NF-κB, TGF-ß. ability isolate functional on large scale use them platinum-based drugs may lead new clinical applications. results present study suggest possibility NK-cell-derived viable immunochemotherapeutic strategy resistant cancers.

Language: Английский

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MSC-derived exosomes enhance the anticancer activity of drugs in 3D spheroid of breast cancer cells

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 105375 - 105375

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Immunoregulatory functions and therapeutic potential of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles in chronic diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proven to play a significant immunoregulatory role in many chronic diseases, such as cancer and immune disorders. Among them, EVs derived from NK cells are an essential component of the cell functions. These demonstrated carry variety toxic proteins nucleic acids therapeutic diseases like malignancies, liver fibrosis, lung injury. However, natural NK-derived (NKEVs) certain limitations disease treatment, low yield poor targeting. Concurrently, exhibit characteristics memory-like cells, which stronger proliferative capacity, increased IFN-γ production, enhanced cytotoxicity, making them more advantageous for treatment. Recent research has shifted its focus towards engineered extracellular their potential improve efficiency, specificity, safety treatments. In this review, we will discuss latest advancements therapy. Specifically, compare different cellular sources NKEVs explore current status prospects cell-derived NKEVs.

Language: Английский

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Natural killer cell-derived exosome-based cancer therapy: from biological roles to clinical significance and implications

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: June 29, 2024

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune in the organism and third major type of lymphocytes besides T B cells, which play an function cancer therapy. In addition to retaining tumor cell killing natural cell-derived exosomes also have characteristics high safety, wide source, easy preserve transport. At same time, modify, engineered can be used combination with a variety current therapies, not only enhances therapeutic efficacy, but significantly reduces side effects. Therefore, this review summarizes isolation modification strategies combined application other antitumor is expected accelerate clinical translation process

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: From CAR-T Cells to Exosome-Based Therapies

Journal of drug targeting, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 23

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major worldwide health issue, with elevated death rates linked late stages of the illness. Immunotherapy has made significant progress in developing effective techniques improve immune system's capacity identify and eradicate cancerous cells. This study examines most recent advancements CAR-T cell treatment exosome-based immunotherapy for CRC. therapy, although treating blood cancers, encounters obstacles when used against solid tumors such as These include presence an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment scarcity tumor-specific antigens. Nevertheless, novel strategies like dual-receptor cells combination therapy involving cytokines have demonstrated promise surmounting these obstacles. Exosome-based is promising approach targeted delivery therapeutic drugs cells, high specificity minimal off-target effects. However, there are still overcome field, resistance treatment, adverse effects associated system, necessity more individualized methods. The current research focused on enhancing therapies, results patients, ultimately incorporating innovative immunotherapeutic approaches into standard protocols

Language: Английский

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Exosomes derived from natural killer cells: transforming immunotherapy for aggressive breast cancer

Medical Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(4)

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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