Omicron variant: Current insights and future directions

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 265, P. 127204 - 127204

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Choosing a cellular model to study SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

As new pathogens emerge, challenges must be faced. This is no different in infectious disease research, where identifying the best tools available laboratories to conduct an investigation can, at least initially, particularly complicated. However, context of emerging virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, which was recently detected China and has become a global threat healthcare systems, developing models infection pathogenesis urgently required. Cell-based approaches are crucial understanding coronavirus biology, growth kinetics, tropism. Usually, laboratory cell lines first line experimental study viral pathogenicity perform assays aimed screening antiviral compounds efficient blocking replication viruses, saving time resources, reducing use animals. determining ideal type can challenging, especially when several researchers have adapt their studies specific requirements. review strives guide scientists who venturing into studying SARS-CoV-2 help them choose right cellular models. It revisits basic concepts virology presents currently

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 annual update: a narrative review

Human Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: July 24, 2023

Abstract Three and a half years after the pandemic outbreak, now that WHO has formally declared emergency is over, COVID-19 still significant global issue. Here, we focus on recent developments in genetic genomic research COVID-19, give an outlook state-of-the-art therapeutical approaches, as gradually transitioning to endemic situation. The sequencing characterization of rare alleles different populations made it possible identify numerous genes affect either susceptibility or severity disease. These findings provide beginning new avenues pan-ethnic therapeutic well potential screening protocols. causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, spotlight, but novel threatening virus could appear anywhere at any time. Therefore, continued vigilance further warranted. We also note emphatically prevent future pandemics other world-wide health crises, imperative capitalize what have learnt from COVID-19: specifically, regarding its origins, world’s response, insufficient preparedness. This requires unprecedented international collaboration timely data sharing for coordination effective response rapid implementation containment measures.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of international border control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative synthesis of published systematic reviews

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(2257)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

The effectiveness of international border control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic is not well understood. Using a narrative synthesis approach to published systematic reviews, we synthesized evidence from both modelling and observational studies on effects domestic transmission virus. We find that symptomatic screening were particularly effective, but diagnostic-based methods more effective at identifying infected travellers. Targeted travel restrictions levied against travellers Wuhan likely temporarily insufficient stop exportation virus rest world. Quarantine inbound was also reducing transmission, only with relatively long quarantine periods, came important economic social effects. There little most restrictions, including closure those implemented introduction new variants concern, effective. Border played an role in former elimination locations when coupled strong public health measures. In future outbreaks, if are be adopted, they should seen as part broader strategy includes other non-pharmaceutical interventions. This article theme issue 'The interventions pandemic: evidence'.

Language: Английский

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Correlates of protection and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections 1 year after third dose vaccination

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 7, 2024

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the waning immunity raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness protection against COVID-19. While antibody response has been shown to correlate with risk infection original variant earlier concern, antibody-mediated Omicron factors associated remain uncertain.

Language: Английский

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Accelerated Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Mice Lacking IFITM3 Preserves Distinct Tropism and Pathogenesis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Here we investigated whether interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), a key antiviral deficient in certain human populations, affects interspecies adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron variants passaged through IFITM3-deficient versus wild type mice exhibit enhanced replication pathogenesis this new host species. Enhancements associated with amino acid substitutions the viral genome, suggesting IFITM3 limits accumulation adaptive mutations. Mouse-adapted viruses enabled comparative studies mice. caused lung dysfunction altered cilia-associated gene programs, consistent broad antigen distribution lungs. Omicron, which shows low pathogenicity upper respiratory tract preference humans, replicated to high nasal titers while showing restrained spatial lungs diminished inflammatory responses compared Beta. Our findings demonstrate deficiency accelerates coronavirus reveal intrinsic variant traits shape tropism, immunity, across hosts. HIGHLIGHTS is critical barrier species strains enable pathology favors nose large airways, leading mild exhibits replication, driving severe inflammation

Language: Английский

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Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Older adults are more susceptible to severe health outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Universal vaccination has become a trend, but there still doubts and research gaps regarding the COVID-19 in elderly. This study aimed investigate efficacy, immunogenicity, safety of vaccines older people aged ≥ 55 years their influencing factors.Randomized controlled trials from inception April 9, 2022, were systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web Science. We estimated summary relative risk (RR), rates, or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects meta-analysis. was registered PROSPERO (CRD42022314456).Of 32 eligible studies, 21, 25 analyzed safety, respectively. In adults, efficacious against (79.49%, CI: 60.55-89.34), excellent seroconversion rate (92.64%, 86.77-96.91) geometric titer (GMT) (SMD 3.56, 2.80-4.31) neutralizing antibodies, provided significant protection (87.01%, 50.80-96.57). Subgroup meta-regression analyses consistently found vaccine types number doses be primary factors efficacy immunogenicity. Specifically, mRNA showed best (90.72%, 86.82-93.46), consistent its highest (98.52%, 93.45-99.98) GMT 6.20, 2.02-10.39). Compared control groups, significantly increased incidence total adverse events (AEs) (RR 1.59, 1.38-1.83), including most local systemic AEs, such as pain, fever, chill, etc. For inactivated DNA vaccines, any AEs similar between groups (p > 0.1), while had range 1.74 7.22).COVID-19 acceptable immunogenicity people, especially providing high disease. The efficacious, it is worth surveillance some caused. Increased booster coverage warranted, additional studies urgently required longer follow-up periods variant strains.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of antiviral drugs against newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants

Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 214, P. 105609 - 105609

Published: April 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, and reinfections in individuals infected with Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2, Delta, or Omicron variants: a comparative study in western Mexico

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 27, 2023

Introduction The variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been classified into interest (VOIs) or concern (VOCs) to prioritize global monitoring and research on with potential risks public health. SARS-CoV-2 high-rate mutation can directly impact the clinical disease progression, epidemiological behavior, immune evasion, vaccine efficacy, transmission rates. Therefore, surveillance is crucial for controlling COVID-19 pandemic. In present study, we aimed describe prevalence wild-type (WT) Delta Omicron in Jalisco State, Mexico, from 2021 2022, evaluate possible association these manifestations COVID-19. Methods Four thousand ninety-eight patients diagnosed by real-time PCR (COVIFLU, Genes2Life, Mexico) nasopharyngeal samples January 2022 were included. Variant identification was performed RT-qPCR Master Mut Kit (Genes2Life, Mexico). A study population follow-up identify who had experienced reinfection after being vaccinated. Results Discussion Samples grouped according identified mutations: 46.3% Omicron, 27.9% Delta, 25.8% WT. proportions dry cough, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, conjunctivitis, fast breathing, diarrhea, anosmia, dysgeusia significantly different among abovementioned groups ( p < 0.001). Anosmia mainly found WT-infected patients, while rhinorrhea sore throat more prevalent infected variant. For follow-up, 836 answered, which 85 cases (9.6%); VOC that caused all reported cases. this demonstrate variant biggest outbreak during pandemic late December mid-February but a less form than one demonstrated co-analysis mutations outcomes health strategy infer could increase severity even be an indicator long-term sequelae

Language: Английский

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Design and characterization of novel SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors with N-terminally extended HR2 peptides

Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 105571 - 105571

Published: March 1, 2023

Development of potent and broad-spectrum antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 remains one top priorities, especially in the case that current vaccines cannot effectively prevent viral transmission. We previously generated a group fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides, with formulation being evaluated under clinical trials. In this study, we dedicated to characterize extended N-terminal motif (residues 1161–1168) so-called spike (S) heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region. Alanine scanning analysis verified its critical roles S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion. Using panel HR2 peptides extensions, identified peptide termed P40, which contained four residues (VDLG) exhibited improved binding antiviral activities, whereas further extensions had no such effects. Then, developed new lipopeptide P40-LP by modifying P40 cholesterol, dramatically increased activities inhibiting variants including divergent Omicron sublineages. Moreover, displayed synergistic effect IPB24 was designed containing C-terminally residues, it could inhibit other human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63. Taken together, our results have provided valuable insights for understanding structure-function relationship fusion protein offered novel strategies fight COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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