The Journal of Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
228(12), P. 1667 - 1674
Published: Aug. 10, 2023
Using
a
retrospective
cohort
study
design,
we
aimed
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
molnupiravir
and
nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
in
patients
with
SARS-CoV-2
who
were
highly
vulnerable.
Infectious Diseases and Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 779 - 811
Published: March 18, 2024
The
mRNA
vaccines
mRNA-1273
and
BNT162b2
demonstrated
high
efficacy
against
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
in
phase
3
clinical
trials,
including
among
older
adults.
To
inform
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
vaccine
selection,
this
systematic
literature
review
(SLR)
meta-analysis
assessed
the
comparative
effectiveness
of
versus
We
systematically
searched
for
relevant
studies
reporting
COVID-19
outcomes
with
adults
aged
≥
50
years
by
first
cross-checking
published
SLRs.
Based
on
cutoff
date
from
a
previous
similar
SLR,
we
then
WHO
Research
Database
articles
between
April
9,
2022,
June
2,
2023.
Outcomes
interest
were
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
symptomatic
COVID-19–related
hospitalization,
death
following
doses.
Random
effects
models
used
to
pool
risk
ratios
(RRs)
across
studies.
Heterogeneity
was
evaluated
using
chi-square
testing.
Evidence
certainty
per
GRADE
framework.
Twenty-four
non-randomized
real-world
individuals
included
meta-analysis.
Vaccination
associated
significantly
lower
(RR
0.72
[95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
0.64‒0.80]),
CI
0.62‒0.83]),
0.67
0.57‒0.78]),
hospitalization
0.65
0.53‒0.79])
but
not
0.80
0.64‒1.00])
compared
BNT162b2.
There
considerable
heterogeneity
all
(I2
>
75%)
except
=
0%).
Multiple
subgroup
sensitivity
analyses
excluding
specific
generally
consistent
results.
Certainty
evidence
rated
as
low
(type
3)
or
very
4),
reflecting
lack
randomized
controlled
trial
data.
Meta-analysis
24
observational
asymptomatic,
symptomatic,
infections
hospitalizations
years.
Annals of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
57(1)
Published: March 20, 2025
Background
A
better
understanding
of
how
the
immune
system
evolves
with
age
and
vaccines
work
in
older
people
has
led
to
increasing
focus
on
development
aimed
specifically
at
groups.
We
discuss
strategies
used
improve
vaccine
immunogenicity
for
adults,
focusing
licensed
adjuvants.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. 566 - 566
Published: May 22, 2024
The
share
of
the
elderly
population
is
growing
worldwide
as
life
expectancy
increases.
Immunosenescence
and
comorbidities
increase
infectious
diseases’
morbidity
mortality
in
older
adults.
Here,
we
aimed
to
summarize
latest
findings
on
vaccines
for
against
herpes
zoster,
influenza,
respiratory
syncytial
virus
(RSV),
COVID-19,
pneumococcal
disease
examine
vaccine
recommendation
differences
this
age
group
Europe
United
States.
PubMed
was
searched
using
keywords
“elders”
“vaccine”
alongside
disease/pathogen
question
paraphrased
or
synonymous
terms.
Vaccine
recommendations
were
also
sought
European
US
Centers
Disease
Control
Prevention
databases.
Improved
vaccines,
tailored
elderly,
mainly
by
novel
adjuvants
increasing
antigen
concentration,
are
now
available.
Significant
exist
between
immunization
policies,
especially
countries,
terms
recipient’s
age,
number
doses,
vaccination
schedule,
implementation
(mandatory
recommended).
Understanding
factors
that
influence
immune
response
may
help
design
offer
long-term
protection
vulnerable
group.
A
consensus-based
strategy
could
fill
gaps
policy
particularly
regarding
RSV
pneumococcus.
Endocrine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
82(3), P. 536 - 541
Published: Aug. 17, 2023
Abstract
Purpose
Low
vitamin
D
levels
were
reported
to
negatively
influence
the
outcome
of
acute
COVID-19,
as
well
be
linked
Long-COVID.
However,
few
studies
have
investigated,
so
far,
its
effects
on
humoral-response
anti-SARS-CoV-2
vaccination,
reporting
conflicting
results.
We
aimed
evaluate
impact
baseline
25(OH)vitamin
(25(OH)D)
a
two-dose
cycle
Pfizer-BioNTech-vaccine
up
9–10
months
after
immunization.
Methods
retrospectively
included
119
consecutive
healthcare-workers
(median
age
53
years)
without
previous
history
COVID-19
or
immunoglobulins
presence
immunized
with
two
doses
Comirnaty-vaccine
from
January
February
2021.
25(OH)D
was
measured
at
time
first-immunization.
Immune
response
evaluated
at:
0
(T0),
before
first-dose;
T1,
second-dose
(21
days
T0);
T2,
T3,
T4
1,
5
and
9
respectively.
Results
Median
25.6
ng/mL,
deficiency
(25(OH)D
<20
ng/mL)
observed
in
29
subjects
(24.8%).
In
those
deficiency,
we
found
non-significant
trend
towards
lower
antibody-titers
significantly
titers
compared
not
D-deficient,
also
observing
more
pronounced
negative
drop
peak-T2
deficiency.
A
positive
correlation
between
(
p
=
0.043)
found.
multiple
linear-regression
analysis,
older-age
resulted
independent
factors
associated
antibody
titer
0.026,
0.004;
respectively).
Conclusion
our
relatively
young
cohort
presenting
low
prevalence
hypovitaminosis
D,
long-term
humoral
vaccination
influenced
by
25(OH)D.
Vitamin
supplementation
could
tested
strategy
optimize
campaigns
prevent
severe
COVID-19.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 4, 2024
Background
Influenza
A
virus
have
a
distinctive
ability
to
exacerbate
SARS-CoV-2
infection
proven
by
in
vitro
studies.
Furthermore,
clinical
evidence
suggests
that
co-infection
with
COVID-19
and
influenza
not
only
increases
mortality
but
also
prolongs
the
hospitalization
of
patients.
is
small-scale
recurrent
epidemic,
increasing
likelihood
co-epidemic
seasonal
influenza.
The
impact
on
population
remains
unstudied.
Method
Here,
we
developed
an
age-specific
compartmental
model
simulate
co-circulation
estimate
number
co-infected
patients
under
different
scenarios
prevalent
type
vaccine
coverage.
To
decrease
risk
developing
severity,
investigated
minimum
coverage
required
for
conjunction
vaccine,
particularly
during
seasons.
Result
Compared
single
transmission
exhibits
lower
trend
delayed
peak
when
Number
cases
higher
than
B
virus.
as
becomes
more
transmissible.
As
proportion
individuals
vaccinated
vaccines
increases,
severe
illnesses
illness
decreases
time
delayed,
especially
those
>60
years
old.
Conclusion
minimize
arising
from
COVID-19,
vaccinations
are
important,
priority
elderly.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 3, 2025
Abstract
A
key
issue
in
the
post-COVID-19
era
is
ongoing
administration
of
COVID-19
vaccines.
Repeated
vaccination
essential
for
preparing
against
currently
circulating
and
newly
emerging
SARS-CoV-2
variants
while
enabling
people
to
continue
with
daily
life.
Optimizing
strategies
crucial
efficiently
manage
medical
resources
establish
an
effective
framework.
Therefore,
it
important
quantitatively
understand
vaccine-induced
immunity
dynamics
be
able
identify
poor
responders
lower
sustained
antibody
titers
as
potential
priorities
revaccination.
We
investigated
longitudinal
titer
data
a
cohort
2,526
Fukushima,
Japan,
from
April
2021
November
2022
whom
basic
demographic
health
information
was
available.
Using
mathematical
modeling
machine
learning,
we
stratified
time-course
patterns
after
2
primary
doses
1
booster
dose
mRNA
identified
3
notable
populations,
which
refer
durable,
vulnerable,
rapid-decliner
approximately
half
remained
same
population
dose.
Notably,
experienced
earlier
infections
than
others.
Furthermore,
when
comparing
IgG(S)
titers,
IgA(S)
T-spot
counts
between
participants
who
breakthrough
those
did
not,
found
that
were
significantly
infected
during
early
stage
vaccination.
Our
computational
approach
adaptable
various
types
vaccinations.
This
flexibility
can
inform
policy
decisions
on
vaccine
distribution
enhance
both
future
pandemics
era.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 1325 - 1325
Published: Aug. 4, 2023
We
carried
out
a
cohort
study
on
the
overall
population
of
province
Pescara,
Italy,
to
assess
real-world
effectiveness
SARS-CoV-2
vaccination
against
infection,
severe,
or
lethal
COVID-19,
two
years
after
start
campaign.
included
all
resident
domiciled
subjects,
and
extracted
official
demographic,
vaccination,
hospital
co-pay
exemption
datasets
from
1
January
2021,
up
15
February
2023.
Cox
proportional
hazards
analyses
were
adjusted
for
gender,
age,
diabetes,
hypertension,
COPD,
major
cardio-
cerebrovascular
events,
cancer,
kidney
diseases.
Throughout
follow-up
(466
days
average),
186,676
subjects
received
greater
than
equal
three
vaccine
doses
(of
ChAdOx1
nCoV-19,
BNT162b2,
mRNA-1273,
NVX-CoV2373,
JNJ-78436735),
47,610
doses,
11,452
one
dose,
44,989
none.
Overall,
40.4%
infected
with
SARS-CoV-2.
Of
them,
2.74%
had
severe
(1.30%)
COVID-19.
As
compared
unvaccinated,
individuals
who
booster
dose
showed
≥85%
lower
risk
A
massive
impact
was
found
among
elderly:
22.0%
died,
as
opposed
less
3%
those
doses.
No
protection
infection
observed,
although
this
finding
certainly
influenced
by
Italian
restriction
policies
control
pandemic.
Importantly,
during
Omicron
predominance
period,
only
group
at
least
reduced
COVID-19-related
death.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 402 - 402
Published: March 12, 2025
The
main
protease
(Mpro
or
3CLpro
nsp5)
of
SARS-CoV-2
is
crucial
to
the
life
cycle
and
pathogenesis
SARS-CoV-2,
making
it
an
attractive
drug
target
develop
antivirals.
This
study
employed
virtual
screening
a
few
phytochemicals,
resultant
best
compound,
Scopoletin,
was
further
investigated
by
FRET-based
enzymatic
assay,
revealing
experimental
IC50
15.75
µM.
impact
Scopoletin
on
Mpro
biophysical
MD
simulation
studies.
Fluorescence
spectroscopy
identified
strong
binding
constant
3.17
×
104
M⁻1
for
Mpro,
as
demonstrated
its
effective
fluorescence
quenching
Mpro.
Additionally,
CD
showed
significant
reduction
in
helical
content
upon
interaction
with
Scopoletin.
findings
thermodynamic
measurements
using
isothermal
titration
calorimetry
(ITC)
supported
spectroscopic
data,
indicating
tight
KA
2.36
103
M−1.
Similarly,
studies
have
also
revealed
that
forms
hydrogen
bonds
amino
acids
nearest
active
site,
this
has
been
molecular
dynamics
These
indicate
may
be
developed
potential
antiviral
treatment
targeting
