New Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
85, P. 9 - 15
Published: Nov. 15, 2024
Polyhydroxybutyrate
(PHB)
is
a
biodegradable
and
biocompatible
biopolyester,
naturally
produced
self-assembled
as
spherical
inclusions
inside
bacteria.
These
PHB
particles
contain
hydrophobic
core
covalently
coated
with
synthase
(PhaC),
which
serves
an
anchoring
linker
for
foreign
proteins
of
interest.
Protein
engineering
PhaC
enables
the
display
biologically
active
protein
functions
on
surface
suitable
different
applications.
Many
biomolecules,
such
e.g.
antigens,
enzymes,
fluorescent
were
immobilized
to
exhibited
superior
functionalities
when
compared
their
respective
soluble
counterparts.
Recently,
have
been
successfully
applied
various
diagnostics
This
mini
review
provides
overview
unique
design
space
towards
development
safe
cost-effective
diagnostic
tools,
highlights
important
research
progresses
manufacturing
particles-based
diagnostics.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(15)
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
Intranasal
vaccines,
unlike
injectable
boost
immunity
along
the
respiratory
tract;
this
can
significantly
limit
virus
replication
and
shedding.
There
remains
a
need
to
develop
mucosal
adjuvants
vaccine
delivery
systems
that
are
both
safe
effective
following
intranasal
administration.
Here,
biopolymer
particles
(BP)
densely
coated
with
repeats
of
MHC
class
I
restricted
immunodominant
epitopes
derived
from
influenza
A
namely
NP
npj Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Sept. 7, 2023
Abstract
Q
fever
is
an
infectious
zoonotic
disease,
caused
by
the
Gram-negative
bacterium
Coxiella
burnetii
.
Transmission
occurs
from
livestock
to
humans
through
inhalation
of
a
survival
form
bacterium,
Small
Cell
Variant,
often
via
handling
animal
parturition
products.
manifests
as
acute
self-limiting
febrile
illness
or
chronic
disease
with
complications
such
vasculitis
and
endocarditis.
The
current
preventative
human
vaccine
Q-VAX
poses
limitations
on
its
worldwide
implementation
due
reactogenic
responses
in
pre-sensitized
individuals.
Many
strategies
have
been
undertaken
develop
universal
but
little
success
date.
mechanisms
underlying
remain
only
partially
understood
are
important
factors
development
safe
vaccine.
This
review
provides
overview
previous
experimental
vaccines
developed
for
use
against
proposes
approaches
that
establishes
immunological
memory
while
eliminating
harmful
responses.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(4)
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
The
development
of
vaccines,
which
induce
effective
immune
responses
while
ensuring
safety
and
affordability,
remains
a
substantial
challenge.
In
this
study,
we
proposed
vaccine
model
restructured
“head-to-tail”
dimer
to
efficiently
stimulate
B
cell
response.
We
also
demonstrate
the
feasibility
using
develop
paramyxovirus
through
low-cost
rice
endosperm
expression
system.
Crystal
structure
small-angle
X-ray
scattering
data
showed
that
hemagglutinin–neuraminidase
(HN)
formed
tetramers
with
fully
exposed
quadruple
receptor
binding
domains
neutralizing
epitopes.
comparison
original
HN
antigen
three
traditional
commercial
whole
virus
facilitated
critical
epitope
exposure
initiated
faster
more
potent
Two-dose
immunization
0.5
μg
(equivalent
one-127th
grain)
one-dose
5
completely
protected
chickens
against
lethal
challenge
virus.
These
results
from
transgenic
seeds
is
safe,
effective,
low-dose
useful,
inexpensive.
provide
plant
platform
simple
for
highly
development.
Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
84(3), P. 353 - 363
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
Abstract
Neoantigen-based
cancer
vaccines
have
emerged
as
a
promising
immunotherapeutic
approach
to
treat
cancer.
Nevertheless,
the
high
degree
of
heterogeneity
in
tumors
poses
significant
hurdle
for
developing
vaccine
that
targets
therapeutically
relevant
neoantigens
capable
effectively
stimulating
an
immune
response
each
tumor
contains
numerous
unique
putative
neoantigens.
Understanding
complexities
is
crucial
development
personalized
neoantigen-based
vaccines,
which
hold
potential
revolutionize
treatment
and
improve
patient
outcomes.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advancements
design
emphasizing
identification,
validation,
formulation,
targeting
while
addressing
challenges
posed
by
heterogeneity.
The
review
highlights
application
cutting-edge
approaches,
such
single-cell
sequencing
artificial
intelligence
identify
immunogenic
neoantigens,
outlining
current
limitations
proposing
future
research
directions
develop
effective
vaccines.
npj Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: July 14, 2023
Group
A
Streptococcus
(Strep
A)
is
a
life-threatening
human
pathogen
with
no
licensed
vaccine.
Here,
we
used
biopolymer
particle
(BP)
approach
to
display
repeats
of
Strep
vaccine
candidate
peptides
p*17
and
K4S2
derived
from
M
non-M
protein,
respectively.
BPs
densely
displaying
both
(BP-p*17-S2)
were
successfully
assembled
in
one-step
inside
an
engineered
endotoxin-free
Escherichia
coli
strain.
Purified
BP-p*17-S2
showed
spherical
core-shell
morphology
core
peptide
shell.
Upon
formulation
aluminum
hydroxide
as
adjuvant,
exhibited
mean
diameter
2.9
µm
positive
surface
charge
22
mV.
No
cytotoxicity
was
detected
when
tested
against
HEK-293
cells.
Stability
studies
that
ambient-temperature
stable.
Immunized
mice
adverse
reactions,
while
producing
high
titers
specific
antibodies
cytokines.
This
immune
response
could
be
correlated
protective
immunity
animal
model
infection,
i.e.
intranasal
challenge
A,
where
significant
reduction
>100-fold
burden
nose-associated
lymphoid
tissue,
lung,
spleen
obtained.
The
cost-effective
scalable
manufacture
stable
coated
combined
their
immunogenic
properties
offer
attractive
alternative
strategy
current
development.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 30, 2024
Autophagy
is
a
regulated
intracellular
catabolic
process
by
which
invading
pathogens,
damaged
organelles,
aggregated
proteins,
and
other
macromolecules
are
degraded
in
lysosomes.
It
has
been
widely
appreciated
that
autophagic
activity
plays
an
important
role
regulating
the
development,
fate
determination,
function
of
cells
immune
system,
including
B
lymphocytes.
encompasses
several
distinct
pathways
have
linked
to
cell
homeostasis
function.
While
presentation
major
histocompatibility
complex
(MHC)
class
II-restricted
cytosolic
antigens
T
involves
both
macroautophagy
chaperone-mediated
autophagy
(CMA),
plasma
memory
mainly
rely
on
for
their
survival.
Emerging
evidence
indicates
core
factors
also
participate
processes
related
yet
clearly
from
classical
autophagy.
These
autophagy-related
pathways,
referred
as
noncanonical
or
conjugation
ATG8
single
membranes
(CASM),
contribute
functions,
MHC
antigen
cells,
germinal
center
formation,
differentiation,
recall
responses.
Dysregulation
identified
autoimmune
autoinflammatory
diseases
such
systemic
lupus
erythematosus,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
inflammatory
bowel
disease.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advances
understanding
canonical
development
maturation,
processing
presentation,
pathogen-specific
antibody
responses,
cytokine
secretion,
autoimmunity.
Unraveling
molecular
mechanisms
will
improve
our
biology,
with
implications
autophagy-based
immunotherapies.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34(6)
Published: Oct. 31, 2023
Abstract
There
is
an
unmet
need
for
a
stable
and
nonreactogenic
vaccine
against
the
bioterrorism
agent,
Coxiella
burnetii
,
causing
Q
fever.
Here
safe,
effective,
non‐reactogenic
fever
developed
by
employing
self‐assembled
particles
(CPs)
composed
of
cross‐reacting
material
197,
nontoxic
variant
diphtheria
toxin.
CPs
are
designed
that
incorporate
selected
C.
antigens
assemble
them
inside
engineered
Escherichia
coli
at
high
yields.
A
cost‐effective
manufacturing
process
enables
production
CP‐based
candidates.
Four
candidates
developed,
including
T‐cell
epitope‐based
(CP‐COX),
one
comprises
two
immunodominant
antigens,
Com1
YbgF.
The
latter
tested
separately
(CP‐Com1,
CP‐YbgF)
or
as
mixture
(CP‐Com1/CP‐YbgF).
Initial
immunogenicity
studies
in
mice
reveal
mixed
CP‐Com1/YbgF
elicits
highest
antibody
titers
with
half
maximal
effective
concentration
(EC50)
value
≈100
000
induction
T
H
1
2
cytokines.
further
evaluated
guinea
pigs,
demonstrating
its
safety
efficacy,
shown
absence
adverse
reactions
significant
reduction
febrile
responses
compared
to
alum
upon
challenge
.
Together,
study
shows
potential
development
safe
immunogenic
subunit
vaccine.
