Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, immune cells, plays a crucial role response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape TME, shown promising results enhancing by facilitating targeted These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, encourage T infiltration. Biomimetic further enhance increasing internalization agents cells such as cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted body or bioengineered, been explored regulate TME immune-related affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated pH, redox, light conditions, exhibit potential accelerate co-application with checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are structures development. This review underscores critical overcoming current driving advancement modification.

Language: Английский

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Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles delay tumor development by igniting inflammation in an immunologically cold triple-negative breast cancer mouse model

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101041 - 101041

Published: April 1, 2025

Preclinical studies demonstrate that exercise reduces tumor incidence and growth. Rapid release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) during suggests their potential role as mediators exercise-induced systemic effects physiological adaptation. This study investigated the impact plasma EVs on growth immune microenvironment in murine models triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): EO771 (a C57BL/6-derived TNBC cell line) 4T1 BALB/c-derived line). Size exclusion chromatography was used to isolate from healthy female mice (BALB/c C56BL/6, n = 30 per strain) underwent ten 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running sessions over 2 weeks. Nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blot, electron microscopy confirmed presence samples. Tumor-bearing (n 72 were administered with before or/and after implantation. Local responses assessed using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Administration EVs, particularly implantation, significantly suppressed reduced burden both models. In EO771, endpoint volumes 278-330 mm³ treated groups compared 799 untreated (p < 0.0001), while 4T1, showed 287-564 vs. 696 0.0002). Notable differences tumor-infiltrating lymphoid myeloid subpopulations indicated immunomodulatory model, where continuous administration increased intratumoral cluster differentiation 8 (CD8) T lymphocyte proportion (5.77% 0.90% untreated, p 0.0001). Similarly, implantation led a marked rise CD8 lymphocytes (2.24% 1.08% 0.0181). Our findings indicate EV treatment elicits pro-inflammatory antitumor response, suggesting shift immunologically cold tumors towards more inflamed phenotype associated better outcomes. supports further investigation modulators immunity utility enhancing efficacy immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Moderate Exercise Suppresses Tumor Growth and Progression through Regulating Cytokines

OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 010(02), P. 1 - 16

Published: May 12, 2025

Evidence suggests that regular moderate exercise can improve symptoms of depression and may enhance immune function, with an interesting role in cancer prevention improved cancer-related prognosis; however, over-exercising lead to overtraining generate psychological mimic depression, impair function. In this study, we chose swimming as form conduct research. Swimming groups were divided into 5, 20, 60 min day^-1, open field tests (OFT) used assess the mice's behavior desperation. The results showed (5 62 days) inhibited tumor development progression by regulating expression levels cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) involved cellular responses. However, overload (20 caused mice promoted growth progression. addition, also prolonged survival tumor-bearing mice. Our findings prove immunity protect against cancer. contrast, cause stress such well guide proposals during treatment postoperative recovery.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between Exercise and Immunotherapy: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Accumulated evidence highlights that exercise can modulate multiple cytokines, influencing transcriptional pathways, and reprogramming certain metabolic processes, ultimately promoting antitumor immunity enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. Exploring mechanisms behind this will, for one thing, help us uncover key factors pathways exercise-assisted immunotherapy, offering more possibilities future treatment methods. For another, it will support development personalized effective prescriptions, thereby improving prognosis

Language: Английский

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Impact of exercise on cancer: mechanistic perspectives and new insights

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

This review critically evaluates the substantial role of exercise in enhancing cancer prevention, treatment, and patient quality life. It conclusively demonstrates that regular physical activity not only reduces risk but also significantly mitigates side effects therapies. The key findings include notable improvements fatigue management, reduction cachexia symptoms, enhancement cognitive functions. Importantly, elucidates profound impact on tumor behavior, modulation immune responses, optimization metabolic pathways, advocating for integration into standard oncological care protocols. refined abstract encourages further exploration application as a pivotal element management.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune microenvironment in gliomas

npj Precision Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Immunomodulatory therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have drastically changed outcomes for certain cancer types over the last decade. Gliomas are among cancers that seem limited benefit from these agents, with most trials yielding negative results. The unique composition of glioma microenvironment is culprits this lack efficacy. In recent years, several efforts been made to improve understanding microenvironment, aiming pave way novel therapeutic interventions. review, we discuss some main components macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils and microglial as well lymphocytes. We then provide a comprehensive overview immunomodulatory agents currently in clinical development, namely oncolytic viruses, vaccines, cell-based therapies such CAR-T cells CAR-NK antibodies peptides.

Language: Английский

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New Aspects Regarding the Fluorescence Spectra of Melanin and Neuromelanin in Pigmented Human Tissue Concerning Hypoxia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8457 - 8457

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Melanin is a crucial pigment in melanomagenesis. Its fluorescence human tissue exceedingly weak but can be detected through advanced laser spectroscopy techniques. The spectral profile of melanin distinctively varies among melanocytes, nevomelanocytes, and melanoma cells, with cells exhibiting notably “red” spectrum. This characteristic enables the diagnosis both vivo histological samples. Neuromelanin, brain akin to melanin, shares similar properties. also quantified high resolution using same spectroscopic methods. Documented spectra neuromelanin samples from substantia nigra substantiate these findings. Our research reveals that behavior mirrors melanomas. indicates typical red likely influenced by microenvironment around (neuro)melanin, rather than direct interactions. ongoing studies aim further explore this distinctive fluorescence. We have observed spectrum post-mortem measurements benign nevus. evident here (unlike nevus vivo), suggesting hypoxia may contribute phenomenon. Given central role development treatment, as well fundamental Parkinson’s disease mechanisms, study discusses strategies aimed at reinforcing hypothesis (neuro)melanin serves an indicator hypoxia.

Language: Английский

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Reversal of T-cell exhaustion: Mechanisms and synergistic approaches

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 112571 - 112571

Published: June 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Impacto de la actividad física en diferentes dermatosis

Piel, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(9), P. 562 - 567

Published: July 9, 2024

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