Frontiers in Public Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 9, 2024
Over
the
past
two
centuries,
vaccines
have
been
critical
for
prevention
of
infectious
diseases
and
are
considered
milestones
in
medical
public
health
history.
The
World
Health
Organization
estimates
that
vaccination
currently
prevents
approximately
3.5-5
million
deaths
annually,
attributed
to
such
as
diphtheria,
tetanus,
pertussis,
influenza,
measles.
Vaccination
has
instrumental
eradicating
important
pathogens,
including
smallpox
virus
wild
poliovirus
types
2
3.
This
narrative
review
offers
a
detailed
journey
through
history
advancements
vaccinology,
tailored
healthcare
workers.
It
traces
pivotal
milestones,
beginning
with
variolation
practices
early
17th
century,
development
first
vaccine,
continuous
evolution
innovation
vaccine
up
present
day.
We
also
briefly
immunological
principles
underlying
vaccination,
well
main
types,
special
mention
recently
introduced
mRNA
technology.
Additionally,
we
discuss
broad
benefits
vaccines,
their
role
reducing
morbidity
mortality,
fostering
socioeconomic
communities.
Finally,
address
issue
hesitancy
effective
strategies
promote
acceptance.
Research,
collaboration,
widespread
acceptance
use
imperative
continued
success
programs
controlling
ultimately
diseases.
Infectious Disease Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(6), P. 1127 - 1181
Published: Nov. 28, 2024
Background:
Phage
therapy,
a
treatment
utilizing
bacteriophages
to
combat
bacterial
infections,
is
gaining
attention
as
promising
alternative
antibiotics,
particularly
for
managing
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria.
This
study
aims
provide
comprehensive
review
of
phage
therapy
by
examining
its
safety,
efficacy,
influencing
factors,
future
prospects,
and
regulatory
considerations.
The
also
seeks
identify
strategies
optimizing
application
propose
systematic
framework
clinical
implementation.
Methods:
A
analysis
preclinical
studies,
trials,
frameworks
was
undertaken
evaluate
the
therapeutic
potential
therapy.
included
an
in-depth
assessment
key
factors
outcomes,
such
infection
site,
phage–host
specificity,
burden,
immune
response.
Additionally,
innovative
strategies—such
combination
therapies,
bioengineered
phages,
cocktails—were
explored
enhance
efficacy.
Critical
considerations
related
dosing,
including
inoculum
size,
multiplicity
infection,
windows,
personalized
medicine
approaches,
were
examined
optimize
outcomes.
Results:
has
demonstrated
favorable
safety
profile
in
both
settings,
with
minimal
adverse
effects.
Its
ability
specifically
target
harmful
bacteria
while
preserving
beneficial
microbiota
underpins
efficacy
treating
range
infections.
However,
variable
outcomes
some
studies
highlight
importance
addressing
critical
that
influence
success.
Innovative
expanded
access
diverse
banks,
cocktails,
medicine,
hold
significant
promise
improving
Optimizing
dosing
remains
area
enhancement,
kinetics,
resistance
potential,
frequency,
patient-specific
factors.
To
support
streamlined
four-step
guideline
been
developed,
providing
effective
planning
Conclusion:
offers
highly
adaptable,
targeted,
cost-effective
approach
While
several
must
be
thoroughly
evaluated
there
improvement
through
refined
methodologies.
Although
yet
achieve
widespread
approval
U.S.
Europe,
accessibility
Expanded
Access
programs
FDA
authorizations
food
pathogen
control
underscores
promise.
Established
practices
countries
Poland
Georgia
further
demonstrate
feasibility.
enable
broader
adoption,
harmonization
advancements
production,
delivery,
quality
will
essential.
Notably,
affordability
scalability
position
it
especially
valuable
solution
developing
regions
grappling
escalating
rates
antibiotic
resistance.
Organic Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(3), P. 745 - 750
Published: Jan. 10, 2024
Herein,
we
report
the
first
total
synthesis
of
tetrasaccharide
repeating
unit
Vibrio
cholerae
O:3
O-antigen
polysaccharide.
The
highly
complex
contains
rare
amino
sugars
such
as
d-bacillosamine
and
l-fucosamine,
labile
sugar
ascarylose,
higher
carbon
d-d-heptose.
Stereoselective
glycosylation
notoriously
reactive
ascarylose
with
d-d-heptose,
poor
nucleophilicity
axial
C4-OH
amide
coupling
are
key
challenges
encountered
in
synthesis,
which
was
completed
via
a
longest
linear
sequence
23
steps
4.2%
overall
yield.
ACS Applied Bio Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(8), P. 5037 - 5056
Published: May 24, 2024
The
oral
and
nasal
cavities
serve
as
critical
gateways
for
infectious
pathogens,
with
microorganisms
primarily
gaining
entry
through
these
routes.
Our
first
line
of
defense
against
invaders
is
the
mucosal
membrane,
a
protective
barrier
that
shields
body's
internal
systems
from
infection
while
also
contributing
to
vital
functions
like
air
nutrient
intake.
One
key
features
this
its
ability
protect
physiological
system
pathogens.
Additionally,
tolerance
plays
crucial
role
in
maintaining
homeostasis
by
regulating
pH
water
balance
within
body.
Recognizing
importance
barrier,
researchers
have
developed
various
formulations
enhance
immune
response.
Mucosal
vaccines,
example,
deliver
antigens
directly
tissues,
triggering
local
stimulation
ultimately
inducing
systemic
immunity.
Studies
shown
lipid-based
such
liposomes
virosomes
can
effectively
elicit
both
responses.
Furthermore,
mucoadhesive
polymeric
particles,
their
prolonged
delivery
target
sites,
demonstrated
an
enhanced
This
Review
delves
into
material
selection
approaches
optimizing
ACS Infectious Diseases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(8), P. 2886 - 2898
Published: July 30, 2024
Vibrio
cholerae
(V.
cholerae),
the
etiological
agent
of
cholera,
employs
various
virulence
factors
to
adapt
and
thrive
within
both
aquatic
human
host
environments.
Among
these
factors,
type
VI
secretion
system
(T6SS)
stands
out
as
one
crucial
determinants
its
pathogenicity.
Valine
glycine
repeat
protein
G1
(VgrG1)
hemolysin
coregulated
(HCP)
are
considered
major
effector
molecules
T6SS.
Previous
studies
have
highlighted
that
VgrG1
interacts
with
HCP
proteins.
Additionally,
it
has
been
shown
possesses
an
actin
cross-linking
domain
(ACD)
actin-binding
activity.
Interestingly,
was
reported
purified
treatment
increased
stress
fibers
cells.
Therefore,
we
hypothesize
may
interact
cell
actin,
potentially
playing
a
role
in
cytoskeletal
rearrangement
during
V.
infection.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
characterized
from
O139
serotype
demonstrated
interaction
monomers.
In
silico
analysis
experimental
validation
revealed
presence
site
HCP.
Furthermore,
overexpression
resulted
colocalization
Our
findings
establish
molecule
for
potent
cytoskeleton
remodeling
infection,
providing
new
insights
into
bacterial
pathogenicity
mechanisms.
Understanding
interplay
between
effectors
components
is
developing
targeted
therapeutic
interventions
against
cholera
related
infectious
diseases.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(6), P. 619 - 619
Published: June 4, 2024
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
(Pg),
a
Gram-negative
anaerobic
bacterium
found
in
dental
plaque
biofilm
within
periodontal
pockets,
is
the
primary
pathogenic
microorganism
responsible
for
chronic
periodontitis.
Infection
by
Pg
significantly
impacts
development
and
progression
of
various
diseases,
underscoring
importance
eliminating
this
effective
clinical
treatment.
While
antibiotics
are
commonly
used
to
combat
Pg,
rise
antibiotic
resistance
poses
challenge
complete
eradication.
Thus,
prevention
infection
paramount.
Research
suggests
that
surface
antigens
such
as
fimbriae,
outer
membrane
proteins,
gingipains,
can
potentially
be
utilized
vaccine
trigger
protective
immune
responses.
This
article
overviews
these
antigens,
discusses
advancements
mucosal
adjuvants
(including
immunostimulant
vaccine-delivery
adjuvants),
their
application
development.
Furthermore,
review
examines
advantages
disadvantages
different
pathways
common
routes
immunization.
By
summarizing
current
landscape
vaccines,
addressing
existing
challenges,
highlighting
potential
offers
new
insights
advancement
implementation
vaccines.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(15), P. 11905 - 11905
Published: July 25, 2023
Diverse
extracellular
and
intracellular
cues
activate
mammalian
mitogen-activated
protein
kinases
(MAPKs).
Canonically,
the
activation
starts
at
cell
surface
receptors
continues
via
MAPK
components,
acting
in
host
nucleus
as
activators
of
transcriptional
programs
to
regulate
various
cellular
activities,
including
proinflammatory
responses
against
bacterial
pathogens.
For
instance,
binding
pattern
recognition
(PRRs)
on
intestinal
epithelial
cells
pathogen
external
components
trigger
MAPK/NF-κB
signaling
cascade,
eliciting
cytokine
production.
This
results
an
innate
immune
response
that
can
eliminate
pathogen.
However,
enteric
pathogens
evolved
sophisticated
mechanisms
interfere
with
such
a
by
delivering
virulent
proteins,
termed
effectors,
toxins
into
cells.
These
proteins
act
numerous
ways
inactivate
or
critical
cascades
immunity.
The
consequence
activities
could
lead
successful
colonization,
dissemination,
pathogenicity.
article
will
review
pathogens’
strategies
modulate
MAPKs
responses.
It
also
discuss
findings
attempting
develop
anti-microbial
treatments
targeting
MAPKs.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(12), P. 2504 - 2504
Published: Dec. 4, 2024
Cholera
is
linked
to
penury,
making
low-
and
middle-income
countries
(LMICs)
particularly
vulnerable
outbreaks.
In
this
systematic
review,
we
analyzed
the
drivers
contributing
these
outbreaks,
focusing
on
epidemiology
of
cholera
in
LMICs.
This
review
followed
Preferred
Reporting
Items
for
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA)
guidelines
was
registered
PROSPERO
(ID:
CRD42024591613).
We
searched
PubMed,
Scopus,
Web
Science,
Google
Scholar
include
studies
outbreaks
that
occurred
LMICs
from
1
January
2014
21
September
2024.
Studies
outside
sporadic
cases
were
excluded.
The
risk
bias
among
included
assessed
using
a
modified
Downes
et
al.
appraisal
tool.
Thematic
analysis
used
synthesize
qualitative
data,
meta-analyses
estimate
pooled
prevalence.
From
1662
records,
95
met
inclusion
criteria,
primarily
documenting
Africa
(74%)
Asia
(26%).
Contaminated
water
main
route
disease
transmission.
fatality
prevalence
1.3%
(95%
CI:
1.1–1.6),
detection
rate
suspected
57.8%
49.2–66.4).
Vibrio
cholerae
O1
dominant
serogroup
while
Ogawa
serotype.
All
reporting
biotypes
indicated
El
Tor.
Although
isolates
100%
susceptible
ofloxacin,
levofloxacin,
norfloxacin,
cefuroxime,
doxycycline,
they
also
fully
resistant
amikacin,
sulfamethoxazole,
trimethoprim,
furazolidone.
persistence
destitute
areas
with
limited
access
clean
sanitation
emphasizes
need
socioeconomic
improvements,
infrastructure
development,
ongoing
surveillance
support
timely
responses
achieve
long-term
prevention.
