Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 11, 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), collectively known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), are caused by a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic, microbial environmental factors. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is increasingly considered to be causatively related IBD strongly affected components Western life style. Bacteria that ferment fibers produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) typically reduced in mucosa feces patients with IBD, compared healthy individuals. SCFAs, such acetate, propionate butyrate, important metabolites maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Several studies have indeed shown fecal SCFAs levels active IBD. an fuel for epithelial cells strengthen barrier function. Recent findings, however, show particular also immunomodulatory functions. Absorption facilitated substrate transporters like MCT1 SMCT1 promote cellular metabolism. Moreover, may signal through cell surface G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, activate signaling cascades control immune Transgenic mouse models support key role these GPCRs controlling inflammation. Here, we present overview production their effects on specific emphasis relevance discuss therapeutic potential either applied directly or stimulating SCFAs-producing bacteria pre- probiotic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: a systematic literature review

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 109(5), P. 1402 - 1413

Published: Nov. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 231 - 240

Published: Jan. 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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Blautia—a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties?

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Blautia is a genus of anaerobic bacteria with probiotic characteristics that occur widely in the feces and intestines mammals. Based on phenotypic phylogenetic analyses, some species genera Clostridium Ruminococcus have been reclassified as Blautia, so to date, there are 20 new valid published names this genus. An extensive body research has recently focused effects genus, such biological transformation its ability regulate host health alleviate metabolic syndrome. This article reviews origin factors affect abundance discusses role health, thus laying theoretical foundation for development functional microorganisms properties.

Language: Английский

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Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1532 - 1535

Published: Aug. 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Intestinal Permeability: A Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 77 - 91

Published: June 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in a population with varied ethnic origins but shared geography

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1526 - 1531

Published: Aug. 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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The Diversity of Gut Microbiome is Associated With Favorable Responses to Anti–Programmed Death 1 Immunotherapy in Chinese Patients With NSCLC

Journal of Thoracic Oncology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1378 - 1389

Published: April 23, 2019

Gut microbiome affecting the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors against advanced NSCLC has been investigated in Western population. However, considering pre-existing genetic and gut microbiota variation, relevance remains unknown East-Asian This study is designed explore relationship between clinical outcomes Chinese patients with who have received treatment using an anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade.Thirty-seven receiving nivolumab were enrolled CheckMate 078 (NCT02613507) 870 (NCT03195491). Fecal samples collected at starting point, when nivolumab, evaluation, disease progression was noted. 16S ribosome RNA gene sequencing applied assess profiles. Peripheral signatures determined by multicolor flow cytometry parallel.When subgrouping into responder (R) nonresponder according response assessed Response Evaluation Criteria Solid Tumor version 1.1, R harbored higher diversity of point stable composition during treatment. Patients high had significantly prolonged progression-free survival compared those low diversity. Compositional difference observed two groups as well enrichment Alistipes putredinis, Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella copri whereas Ruminococcus_unclassified enriched nonresponding patients. Analysis systemic revealed that a abundance greater frequency unique memory CD8+ T cell natural killer subsets periphery anti-PD-1 therapy.Our results reveal strong correlation immunotherapy NSCLC. favorable (such diversity) exhibit enhanced periphery. These findings provide important implications for prediction evaluation

Language: Английский

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Gut–Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 353 - 353

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the altered, but also surprisingly many diseases are accompanied by altered gut microbiome. key regulator for immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis communicating with tissues and organs bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis and/or associated response, promoting development diseases, such atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, even cancer. Here, we focus on associations between microbiome, diet, metabolites, responses pathologies. This review describes exhaustive list common conditions well current body evidence dysbiosis, dietary links, their interplay conditions. An enhanced understanding local including underlying mechanisms necessary shed light microbial involvement human develop new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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The Not-so-Sterile Womb: Evidence That the Human Fetus Is Exposed to Bacteria Prior to Birth

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 4, 2019

The human microbiome includes trillions of bacteria, many which play a vital role in host physiology. Numerous studies have now detected bacterial DNA first-pass meconium and amniotic fluid samples, suggesting that the may commence utero. However, these data remained contentious due to underlying contamination issues. Here, we used previously described method for reducing workflows determine if there is fetal beyond level background contamination. We recruited 50 women undergoing non-emergency cesarean section deliveries with no evidence intra-uterine infection collected samples. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using PacBio SMRT cell technology, allow high resolution profiling gut microbiomes. Levels inflammatory cytokines were measured fluid, levels immunomodulatory short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) quantified meconium. All samples most (36/43) contained DNA. dominated by reads mapped Pelomonas puraquae. Aside from this species, remarkably heterogeneous between patients. more diverse mainly typical skin commensals, including Propionibacterium acnes Staphylococcus spp. acetate propionate, at ratios similar those reported infants. P. puraquae inversely correlated propionate levels. Amniotic cytokine associated microbiome. Our results demonstrate SCFAs are present utero, potential influence developing immune system.

Language: Английский

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