The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 117302 - 117302

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disorder with an unknown cause. However, the dysbiosis of gut microbiome has been found to play role in IBD etiology, exacerbated immune responses defective intestinal barrier integrity. The can also be potential biomarker for several diseases, IBD. Currently, conventional treatments targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines pathways IBD-associated do not yield effective results. Other therapies that directly target dysbiotic outcomes are emerging. We review health its as diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic This explores emerging advancements microbiome-associated alterations IBD, such nanoparticle or encapsulation delivery, fecal microbiota transplantation, nutritional therapies, microbiome/probiotic engineering, phage therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), proteins, herbal formulas.

Language: Английский

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Bacteroides fragilis aggravates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating lipid metabolism and remodeling gut microbiota

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a prominent determinant that significantly contributes to the disruption of lipid metabolism. Consequently, it essential occurrence and development non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nevertheless, connection between diet symbiotic gut in progression NAFLD remains uncertain. The purpose this study was explore role supplementing commensal Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) on metabolism, microbiota, metabolites high-fat (HFD)-fed mice, elucidating impact NAFLD. Our revealed supplementation with B. exacerbated both weight gain obesity mice. blood glucose levels dysfunction Furthermore, an increase accumulation upregulation genes correlated metabolism were observed Under HFD, resulted alterations notably significant Desulfovibrionaceae, which led elevated endotoxin thereby influenced It interesting simultaneous examination more pronounced short-chain acids. This represented pioneering investigation into findings demonstrated induced dysregulation intestinal leading lipopolysaccharide exacerbating NAFLD.IMPORTANCESome microbes are involved metabolic disorders. investigated host diet-fed Research results indicated adding specific bacterial strain complex microecology can worsen conditions. effect mainly affects structural diversity microorganisms, harmful bacteria gut, elevation levels, glucose, impacting Understanding principles govern establishment microbial communities comprising multiple species crucial for preventing or repairing dysfunctions these communities, enhancing health facilitating treatment. could contribute provides new insights how promote prevention therapy

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids suppresses astrocyte activation by amplifying Trp-AhR-AQP4 signaling in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: July 8, 2024

The function of astrocytes in response to gut microbiota-derived signals has an important role the pathophysiological processes central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, specific effects metabolites on astrocyte activation have not been elucidated yet. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced female C57BL/6 mice as a classical MS model. alterations microbiota and levels short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed after EAE induction. We observed that exhibit low Allobaculum, Clostridium_IV, Clostridium_XlVb, Lactobacillus genera, microbial-derived SCFAs metabolites. supplementation suppressed by increasing level tryptophan (Trp)-derived AhR ligands activating AhR. beneficial clinical scores, histopathological alterations, blood brain barrier (BBB)-glymphatic abolished intracisterna magna injection AAV-GFAP-shAhR. Moreover, loss AQP4 polarity within AhR-dependent manner. Together, potentially suppresses amplifying Trp-AhR-AQP4 signaling mice. Our study demonstrates may serve viable therapy for inflammatory disorders CNS.

Language: Английский

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Complex Probiotics Ameliorate Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-Induced IBS in Mice via Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Modulation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 801 - 801

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Background/Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBS pathogenesis, and probiotic interventions targeting microbial modulation hold therapeutic promise. Methods: this study used fecal transplantation to establish mouse model of before evaluating the effects complex by using metagenomics targeted metabolomics explore potential mechanism. Results: After 14 days, relieved constipation, reduced inflammation intestinal permeability, lowered 5-HT levels increased serotonin transporter (SERT) expression tissues. Metagenomic analysis showed inflammation-related species abundance. It also decreased butyric acid, acetic acid tryptophan mice. Conclusions: The effectively alleviated symptoms mice modulating metabolites, providing insights for future research treatment.

Language: Английский

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How the adaptation of the human microbiome to harsh space environment can determine the chances of success for a space mission to Mars and beyond

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

The ability of human cells to adapt space radiation is essential for the well-being astronauts during long-distance expeditions, such as voyages Mars or other deep destinations. However, adaptation microbiomes should not be overlooked. Microorganisms inside an astronaut’s body, station spacecraft, will also exposed radiation, which may induce resistance antibiotics, UV, heat, desiccation, and life-threatening factors. Therefore, it consider potential effects only on humans but their develop effective risk reduction strategies missions. Studying microbiome in missions can have several benefits, including limited a better understanding major travel has health, developing new technologies monitoring health therapies treatments. While radioadaptive response astronauts’ lead against high levels radiation. As compete environment. microorganisms emerge winners, leading situations due lethal infections. magnitude before launching mission crucial able mitigate risks associated with exposure. Ensuring safety long-duration minimizing linked exposure achieved by adopting this approach.

Language: Английский

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Ginsenoside Reshapes Intestinal Microecology to Alleviate Microgravity Stress

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 1289 - 1303

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

During medium- to long-duration spaceflights, real-time microgravity can increase the health risks of astronauts. In particular, disruption intestinal homeostasis is closely related other problems, and it necessary monitor treatment strategies. Ginseng a well-known Chinese herbal medicine often used maintain health. total saponins (GTSs), which are bioactive components ginseng, have been reported regulate immune homeostasis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation. This study focused on regulation GTSs in imbalance caused by microgravity. A hindlimb suspension (HLS) rat model was established evaluate protective effects GTSs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using RNA-Seq. RT-PCR performed further focus verify these results. The gut microbiome composition examined based 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, short-chain fatty acids produced analyzed. We found that intervention effectively improved injury simulated weightlessness, including reducing pathological damage, increasing expression tight junction proteins levels inflammatory factors. Moreover, significantly restored immunity-related remodeled microbiota. increased abundance acid metabolism-related bacteria, thereby level propionic acid, butyric isobutyric acid. Our results revealed microecological disorders impaired function weightlessness simulation. underlying mechanism may be "intestinal -microbiota-metabolic" pathway. These findings provide theoretical basis for precise design development space-health products.

Language: Английский

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Gut matters in microgravity: potential link of gut microbiota and its metabolites to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal well-being

Nutrition & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

The gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites play a significant role in cardiovascular musculoskeletal health diseases. dysregulation of the intestinal poses threat to skeletal muscle well-being. Nonetheless, precise molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Furthermore, microgravity presents several challenges compromising strength, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic changes. purpose this review is critically examine on functions dysfunctions. It also explores that drive microgravity-induced deconditioning both muscle. Key findings highlight alterations mirror characteristics seen Those include increased levels Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), para-cresol (p-cresol) secondary metabolites, along with reduction bile acids Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria. Highlighting potential, modulating conditions could mitigating diseases not only during space flight but prolonged bed rest scenarios here Earth.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic Characterization and Draft Genome Sequence Analyses of Two Novel Endospore-Forming Sporosarcina spp. Isolated from Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Feces

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 70 - 70

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

In an attempt to isolate new probiotic bacteria, two Gram-variable, spore-forming, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria designated as strain A4 and A15 were isolated from the feces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Strain was able grow in high salt levels exhibited lipase activity, while did not propagate under these conditions. Both positive for starch hydrolysis, they inhibited growth Staphylococcus aureus. The strains 16S rRNA sequence shared only 94% similarity previously identified Sporosarcina spp. ANI (78.08%) AAI (82.35%) between less than species threshold. Searches most similar genomes using Mash/Minhash algorithm showed nearest genome sp. P13 (distance 21%) S. newyorkensis 17%), respectively. contain urease genes, a fibronectin-binding protein gene indicates that may bind eukaryotic cells host gastrointestinal tracts. Phenotypic phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH, ANI, values A15, indicate are novel isolates genus: nov., type cascadiensis obsidiansis.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of the Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Bone Remodeling Growth Factor from the Gene Association

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 106790 - 106790

Published: July 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Imaging of Gut Bacterial Macroscopic Changes in Simulated Microgravity-Exposed Rats via In Vivo Metabolic Labeling

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(49), P. 19758 - 19767

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

The impact of the microgravity environment on gut bacteria has been widely recognized to induce notable gastrointestinal pathology during extended spaceflight. However, most current studies for microbiome homeostasis profiling are based 16S rRNA gene sequencing fecal samples; this technology faces challenges in analyzing bacterial alterations situ, dynamically, and with high spatiotemporal resolution. Herein, we present utilization bioorthogonal metabolic labeling noninvasive imaging macroscopic changes simulated (SMG) rats. After being subsequently labeled reporters d-Ala-N3 ICG-DBCO through click chemistry, it was shown that SMG can trigger obvious perturbation bacteria, evidenced by significant increase total content spatial distribution variations. Such a difference accompanied occurrence intestinal inflammation tissue damage. Compared genome analysis focusing composition diversity, strategy provides unprecedented insights into under SMG. Our study will be helpful investigating biological implication SMG-induced imbalance potentially promoting deep investigation complex space biomedicine.

Language: Английский

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