Beyond the Microbiota: Understanding the Role of the Enteric Nervous System in Parkinson’s Disease from Mice to Human

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1560 - 1560

Published: May 27, 2023

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a nerve network composed of neurons and glial cells that regulates the motor secretory functions gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There abundant evidence mutual communication between brain GI Dysfunction these connections appears to be involved in pathophysiology Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations ENS have been shown occur very early PD, even before central (CNS) involvement. Post-mortem studies PD patients aggregation α-synuclein (αS) specific subtypes ENS. Subsequently, αS spreads retrogradely CNS through preganglionic vagal fibers this nerve's dorsal nucleus (DMV) other structures. Here, we highlight role pathogenesis based on observed animal models using translational perspective. While acknowledging putative microbiome gut-brain axis (GBA), review provides comprehensive view not only as "second brain", but also window into "first potentially crucial element search for new therapeutic approaches can delay cure disease.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Akkermansia muciniphila in the Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1695 - 1695

Published: May 29, 2024

This comprehensive review delineates the extensive roles of Akkermansia muciniphila in various health domains, spanning from metabolic and inflammatory diseases to neurodegenerative disorders. A. muciniphila, known for its ability reside mucous layer intestine, plays a pivotal role maintaining gut integrity interacting with host processes. Its influence extends modulating immune responses potentially easing symptoms across several non-communicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, bowel disease, cancer. Recent studies highlight capacity interact gut–brain axis, suggesting possible impact on neuropsychiatric conditions. Despite promising therapeutic potential highlighted animal preliminary human studies, challenges remain practical application due stability cultivation issues. However, development pasteurized forms synthetic mediums offers new avenues use clinical settings, as recognized by regulatory bodies like European Food Safety Authority. narrative serves crucial resource understanding broad implications different conditions integration into strategies.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the gut microbiome to control drug pharmacomicrobiomics: the next frontier in oral drug delivery

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 1315 - 1331

Published: July 5, 2023

Introduction The trillions of microorganisms that comprise the gut microbiome form dynamic bidirectional interactions with orally administered drugs and host health. These relationships can alter all aspects drug pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics (PK/PD); thus, there is a desire to control these maximize therapeutic efficacy. Attempts modulate drug-gut have spurred advancements within field 'pharmacomicrobiomics' are poised become next frontier oral delivery.Areas covered This review details exist between microbiome, clinically relevant case examples outlining clear motive for controlling pharmacomicrobiomic interactions. Specific focus attributed novel advanced strategies demonstrated success in mediating interactions.Expert opinion Co-administration gut-active supplements (e.g. pro- pre-biotics), innovative delivery vehicles, strategic polypharmacy serve as most promising viable approaches Targeting through presents new opportunities improving efficacy by precisely PK/PD, while mitigating metabolic disturbances caused drug-induced dysbiosis. However, successfully translating preclinical potential into clinical outcomes relies on overcoming key challenges related interindividual variability composition study design parameters.

Language: Английский

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Effects of antipsychotics on the gastrointestinal microbiota: A systematic review

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 336, P. 115914 - 115914

Published: April 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia during hospitalisation - the case-control, post hoc study.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 107208 - 107208

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD) schizophrenia (SCZ) by comparing 36 inpatients with these conditions 29 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI). Individuals SCZ exhibited greater richness compared HC (FDR P(Q)=0.028). Taxonomically, while no significant differences were observed MDD patients in a head-to-head comparison, both patient groups differed significantly when HC. Interestingly, besides common patterns (such as higher abundance Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 Streptococcus, lower Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group), unique only (with Anaerostipes, Q=0.004) or Sutterella, Q=0.001, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Q=0.002). Random Forest algorithm identified Ruminococcus torques group, UCG-001, highly discriminative features MDD, Suturella Holdemania SZC, genus CAG-56 Anaerostipes MDD. Additionally, 50 % 60 differentially abundant taxa found among top 10 influential RF models. In conclusion, patients, distinct microbial each group did not confirm universal biomarkers reported other studies but showed that concern bacteria associated inflammation, production short chain fatty acids (SCFA), synthesis metabolites linked mental health (lactic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid - GABA). application machine learning holds promise further understanding complex psychiatric disorders. results should be treated caution due limitations (mainly sample size), therefore researches under standardized environmental consistent analytical bioinformatics approaches are warranted.

Language: Английский

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Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: What Have We Learned?

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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From the Gut to the Brain: Is Microbiota a New Paradigm in Parkinson’s Disease Treatment?

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 770 - 770

Published: April 30, 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is recognized as the second most prevalent primary chronic neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system. Clinically, PD characterized a movement disorder, exhibiting an incidence and mortality rate that increasing faster than any other neurological condition. In recent years, there has been growing interest concerning role gut microbiota in etiology pathophysiology PD. The establishment brain–gut axis now real, with evidence denoting bidirectional communication between brain through metabolic, immune, neuronal, endocrine mechanisms pathways. Among these, vagus nerve represents direct form gut. Given potential interactions bacteria drugs, it observed therapies for can have impact on composition microbiota. Therefore, scope present review, we will discuss current understanding whether this may be new paradigm treating devastating disease.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacomicrobiomics of Antidepressants in Depression: A Systematic Review

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1086 - 1086

Published: June 30, 2023

This systematic review evaluated the animal and human evidence for pharmacomicrobiomics (PMx) interactions of antidepressant medications. Studies gut microbiota effects on functional behavioral antidepressants in models were identified from PubMed up to December 2022. Risk bias was assessed, results are presented as a following PRISMA guidelines. A total 28 (21 animal, 7 human) studies included review. The reviewed papers converged three themes: (1) Antidepressants can alter composition metabolites microbiota, (2) bioavailability certain antidepressants, (3) may modulate clinical or modeled mood modifying antidepressants. majority (n = 22) had at least moderate levels present. While strong is still lacking understand role PMx health, there among changes, metabolite behavior. Well-controlled mediating moderating baseline treatment-emergent changes therapeutic adverse responses needed better establish potential personalizing treatment selection response prediction.

Language: Английский

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Human Microbiota Impact on the Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments

Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 212 - 233

Published: April 26, 2024

The objective of this review is to systematically examine several papers that observe the complex relationships between pharmaceutical treatments and human microbiota, highlighting how these relations may affect course treatment. To assure a thorough analysis data current literature, was voted for make use databases. PubMed, Open University, Academia Sinica, Southern Methodist Yale Google Scholar were central This study analyzes 1300 articles from first search. After eradicating duplicate (348), 952 endured abstract screening. abstracts observed, 212 publications excluded. full-text screening process, 641 740 remaining estimated ineligible conferring predetermined inclusion criteria. 99 fulfilled all requirements incorporated into final analysis. examination published 2010 2023 has provided important new information about interplay among microbiota effectiveness. Even with countless advancements in microbiome research, there are still numerous unanswered questions. systematic covering wide range medical specialties significant implications practical applications as well guidelines future study. understand dynamic nature interactions, longitudinal studies monitoring variations composition medication responses over time important.

Language: Английский

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Importance of good hosting: reviewing the bi-directionality of the microbiome-gut-brain-axis

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: May 15, 2024

Gut microorganisms have been shown to significantly impact on central function and studies that associated brain disorders with specific bacterial genera advocated an anomalous gut microbiome as the pathophysiological basis of several psychiatric neurological conditions. Thus, our knowledge brain-to-gut-to communication in this bidirectional axis seems overlooked. This review examines known mechanisms microbiome-to-gut-to-brain axis, highlighting how brain-to-gut-to-microbiome signaling may be key understanding cause disrupted microbial communities. We show can alter which will turn contribute disease progression, while microbiome-to gut-to direction presents a more versatile therapeutic since current psychotropic/neurosurgical interventions unwanted side effects further disruption microbiome. A consideration is imperative better understand microbiome-gut-brain overall involved illnesses, it utilized preventive tool.

Language: Английский

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