Long COVID science, research and policy

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 2148 - 2164

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Long COVID represents the constellation of post-acute and long-term health effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection; it is a complex, multisystem disorder that can affect nearly every organ system be severely disabling. The cumulative global incidence long around 400 million individuals, which estimated to have an annual economic impact approximately $1 trillion-equivalent about 1% economy. Several mechanistic pathways are implicated in COVID, including viral persistence, immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, complement endothelial inflammation microbiome dysbiosis. devastating impacts on individual lives and, due its complexity prevalence, also has major ramifications for systems economies, even threatening progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing challenge requires ambitious coordinated-but so far absent-global research policy response strategy. In this interdisciplinary review, we provide synthesis state scientific evidence assess human health, systems, economy metrics, forward-looking roadmap.

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Lipidomics signature in post-COVID patient sera and its influence on the prolonged inflammatory response

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 588 - 600

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

The ongoing issues with post-COVID conditions (PCC), where symptoms persist long after the initial infection, highlight need for research into blood lipid changes in these patients. While most studies focus on acute phase of COVID-19, there's a significant lack information lipidomic that occur later stages disease. Addressing this knowledge gap is critical understanding long-term effects COVID-19 and could be key to developing personalized treatments those suffering from PCC. We employed untargeted lipidomics analyze plasma samples 147 PCC patients, assessing nearly 400 polar lipids. Data mining (DM) machine learning (ML) tools were utilized decode results ascertain patterns. study uncovered substantial various subclasses, presenting detailed profile fraction These alterations correlated inflammation immune response. Notably, there elevated levels lysophosphatidylglycerols (LPGs) phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), reduced lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), suggesting as potential biomarkers signatures indicated specific anionic changes, implicating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) inflammation. Associations between particular medications also suggested. Classification models, such multinomial regression (MR) random forest (RF), successfully differentiated symptomatic asymptomatic groups using profiles. study's groundbreaking discovery disruptions patients marks stride quest comprehend combat condition. identified not only pave way novel diagnostic but hold promise tailor individualized therapeutic strategies, potentially revolutionizing clinical approach managing improving patient care.

Language: Английский

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Reinforcing the Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Long COVID Patients Using a Multiplatform Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Approach

Journal of Proteome Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 3025 - 3040

Published: April 3, 2024

Despite the recent and increasing knowledge surrounding COVID-19 infection, underlying mechanisms of persistence symptoms for a long time after acute infection are still not completely understood. Here, multiplatform mass spectrometry-based approach was used metabolomic lipidomic profiling human plasma samples from Long COVID patients (n = 40) to reveal mitochondrial dysfunction when compared with individuals fully recovered mild 40). Untargeted analysis using CE-ESI(+/−)-TOF-MS GC-Q-MS performed. Additionally, LC-ESI(+/−)-QTOF-MS based on an in-house library revealed 447 lipid species identified high confidence annotation level. The integration complementary analytical platforms has allowed comprehensive metabolic characterization alterations in disease that found 46 relevant metabolites which discriminate between patients. We report specific altered COVID, mainly related decrease amino acid metabolism ceramide levels increase tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle, reinforcing evidence impaired function. most shown this study will help better understand insights syndrome by providing deeper basis pathology.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling lipid and inflammation interplay in cancer, aging and infection for novel theranostic approaches

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

The synergistic relationships between Cancer, Aging, and Infection, here referred to as the CAIn Triangle, are significant determinants in numerous health maladies mortality rates. CAIn-related pathologies exhibit close correlations with each other share two common underlying factors: persistent inflammation anomalous lipid concentration profiles membranes of affected cells. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation most pertinent interconnections within addition examining relationship chronic specific lipidic compositions cellular membranes. To tackle CAIn-associated diseases, suite complementary strategies aimed at diagnosis, prevention, treatment is proffered. Our holistic approach expected augment understanding fundamental mechanisms these diseases highlight potential shared features facilitate development novel theranostic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal lipoprotein and inflammatory mediators analysis uncover persisting inflammation and hyperlipidemia following SARS-CoV-2 infection in long COVID-19

Metabolomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: May 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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LEF1-AS1 Deregulation in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Persistent Post-COVID Symptoms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 4806 - 4806

Published: May 17, 2025

Long COVID denotes the persistence of symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection lasting for at least two months without another identifiable cause. Affecting an estimated 15% COVID-19 patients, long manifests in a wide range symptoms. Despite extensive research on its one-year effects, limited data exist beyond 12 months. Due to different manifestations COVID, diagnosis can be challenging. Identifying potential mechanistic contributors and biomarkers would highly valuable. Recent studies have highlighted noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as disease stratification COVID-19. Specifically, we recently identified miR-144-3p subset lncRNAs candidates assessing severity outcomes This nested case–control study extends such investigations 98 patients recruited 18 hospitalization, exploring relationship between circulating ncRNA expression persistent While miR-144-3p, HCG18, lncCEACAM21 did not differ symptomatic asymptomatic LEF1-AS1 was downregulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) patients. Of note, multiple isoforms LEF1 sense transcript levels were reduced negatively correlated with relevant clinical markers. further are needed, our discoveries offer new perspectives management COVID.

Language: Английский

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Exploring metabolic anomalies in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19: a machine learning approach with explainable artificial intelligence

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to significant challenges worldwide, including diverse clinical outcomes and prolonged post-recovery symptoms known as Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in the infection's long-term consequences. This study employs novel approach utilizing machine learning (ML) explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) analyze alterations patients. Samples were taken from cohort 142 COVID-19, 48 Post-COVID-19, 38 control patients, comprising 111 identified metabolites. Traditional analysis methods, like PCA PLS-DA, compared with ML techniques, particularly eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) enhanced SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values for explainability. XGBoost, combined SHAP, outperformed traditional demonstrating superior predictive performance providing new insights into basis disease's progression aftermath. revealed metabolomic subgroups within conditions, suggesting heterogeneous responses infection its impacts. Key signatures include taurine, glutamine, alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, LysoPC C16:0. highlights potential integrating XAI fine-grained description metabolomics research, offering more detailed understanding anomalies conditions.

Language: Английский

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Alteration of the Gut–Lung Axis After Severe COVID-19 Infection and Modulation Through Probiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3840 - 3840

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

The gut-lung axis could be a potential therapeutic target for improving post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, and probiotics have been proposed as possible modulators.

Language: Английский

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Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of plasma uncovers immune responses in patients with Long COVID-19

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

Long COVID is an often-debilitating condition with severe, multisystem symptoms that can persist for weeks or months and increase the risk of various diseases. Currently, there a lack diagnostic tools in clinical practice. Therefore, this study utilizes plasma proteomics metabolomics technologies to understand molecular profile pathophysiological mechanisms COVID, providing evidence development potential biomarkers. This included three age- gender-matched cohorts: healthy controls ( n = 18), COVID-19 recovered patients 17), 15). The results revealed significant differences proteins between patients, dysregulation mainly focused on pathways such as coagulation, platelets, complement cascade reactions, GPCR cell signal transduction, substance transport, which participate regulating immune responses, inflammation, tissue vascular repair. Metabolomics showed have similar metabolic disorders, involving lipid metabolites fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipid arachidonic metabolism processes. In summary, our indicate protein abnormalities leading coagulation dysfunction, impaired energy chronic dysregulation, are more pronounced than patients.

Language: Английский

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